1. Which lab finding is most consistent with DIC
(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)?
A. Elevated platelets
B. Normal INR
C. Elevated D-dimer
D. Increased fibrinogen
Answer: C
Rationale: DIC involves widespread clotting and
fibrinolysis, which leads to elevated D-dimer levels.
2. What mechanism is primarily responsible for the
symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Overproduction of acetylcholine
B. Demyelination of motor neurons
C. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in
the substantia nigra
D. Inflammation of basal ganglia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra
leads to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia and
tremors.
3. In hypothyroidism, which of the following is
typically elevated?
A. T3
B. T4
C. TSH
D. Calcitonin
Answer: C
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the pituitary
compensates for low thyroid hormones by increasing
TSH.
4. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
,Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
5. Which type of shock is characterized by high
cardiac output and low systemic vascular
resistance?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Neurogenic
D. Septic
Answer: D
Rationale: Septic shock presents with high CO
initially and peripheral vasodilation due to
inflammation.
6. Which of the following is a feature of iron
deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic RBCs
B. Normocytic RBCs
C. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
, D. Spherocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to smaller, paler red
blood cells.
7. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
8. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)?
A. Elevated platelets
B. Normal INR
C. Elevated D-dimer
D. Increased fibrinogen
Answer: C
Rationale: DIC involves widespread clotting and
fibrinolysis, which leads to elevated D-dimer levels.
2. What mechanism is primarily responsible for the
symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Overproduction of acetylcholine
B. Demyelination of motor neurons
C. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in
the substantia nigra
D. Inflammation of basal ganglia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra
leads to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia and
tremors.
3. In hypothyroidism, which of the following is
typically elevated?
A. T3
B. T4
C. TSH
D. Calcitonin
Answer: C
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the pituitary
compensates for low thyroid hormones by increasing
TSH.
4. What is the most likely complication of a deep
vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A. Stroke
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Chronic kidney disease
,Answer: B
Rationale: A thrombus can dislodge from the deep
veins and travel to the lungs, causing a PE.
5. Which type of shock is characterized by high
cardiac output and low systemic vascular
resistance?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Neurogenic
D. Septic
Answer: D
Rationale: Septic shock presents with high CO
initially and peripheral vasodilation due to
inflammation.
6. Which of the following is a feature of iron
deficiency anemia?
A. Macrocytic RBCs
B. Normocytic RBCs
C. Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs
, D. Spherocytes
Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency leads to smaller, paler red
blood cells.
7. Which of the following best describes the
pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine deficiency
B. Amyloid plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary
tangles
C. Increased GABA activity
D. Reduced serotonin levels
Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by
abnormal protein aggregates and neuron loss in the
brain.
8. Hyperparathyroidism causes which of the
following lab abnormalities?
A. Low calcium
B. High phosphate
