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Samenvatting Colleges strafrecht en mensenrechten uitgebreid

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Colleges strafrecht en mensenrechten uitgebreid

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STRAFRECHT EN MENSENRECHTEN
Tilburg University 2023-2014

,Inhoudsopgave

WEEK 1: INTRODUCTIE & RECHT OP EEN EERLIJK PROCES...............................................................................5

Hoorcollege..........................................................................................................................................................5
Europeanisering van het straf(proces)recht....................................................................................................6
Nederlandse straf(proces) en het EVRM.........................................................................................................7
Pijnpunten in Nederland..................................................................................................................................8
Artikel 17 Grondwet.........................................................................................................................................9
Artikel 6 EVRM: introductie...........................................................................................................................10
Het toepassingsbereik van artikel 6 EVRM....................................................................................................11
Recht op rechtsbijstand.................................................................................................................................13
Salduz t. Turkije..............................................................................................................................................14
De discussie in Nederland..............................................................................................................................15
De ontwikkelingen na Salduz.........................................................................................................................17
Besluit Inrichting en orde politieverhoor.......................................................................................................19
Meer recente rechtspraak.............................................................................................................................20
Van de Kolk t. Nederland (EHRM 28 mei 2019).............................................................................................20
De gevolgen van een schending....................................................................................................................21
Atristain Gorosabel t. Spanje (EHRM 18 januari 2022)..................................................................................22
Aanwezigheidsrecht.......................................................................................................................................22

M. Lochs, ‘Geen coulance maar recht: de actieve raadsman bij het politieverhoor’, Boom Strafblad 2021, alf.
4..........................................................................................................................................................................23

EHRM 28 mei 2019, 23192/15 (Van de Kolk t. Nederland)................................................................................28

EHRM 18 januari 2022, 15508/15, EHRC-2022-0039 (Atristain Gorosabel t. Spanje).......................................29

EHRM 14 februari 2017, 30749/12 (Hokkeling t. Nederland)...........................................................................30

EHRM 8 juni 2021, nr. 61591/16 (Dijkhuizen t. Nederland)..............................................................................30

EHRM 27 juli 2021, nr. 72631/17 (X t. Nederland)............................................................................................31


WEEK 2: ARTIKEL 3 EVRM............................................................................................................................. 32

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................32
De verhouding tot andere mensenrechten (art. 3 EVRM).............................................................................36
De verhouding tot andere mensenrechten (art. 2 EVRM).............................................................................37
Excessief politiegeweld..................................................................................................................................38
Levenslange gevangenisstraf.........................................................................................................................38
Detentieomstandigheden..............................................................................................................................40

, Uitlevering en uitzetten: non-refoulement....................................................................................................41

Gäfgen t. Duitsland (2010).................................................................................................................................42

Vinter e.a. t. het Verenigd Koninkrijk (2013)......................................................................................................42

Bouyid t. België (2015).......................................................................................................................................43

Murray t. Nederland (2016)...............................................................................................................................43

D. t Letland (2024)..............................................................................................................................................43

Hoge Raad van 23 juni 2020, ECLI:NL:HR:2020:1092 (incl. conclusie)...............................................................44


WEEK 3: PRIVACY EN STRAFRECHT I.............................................................................................................. 45

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................45
Het mensenrechtelijk kader...........................................................................................................................45
Artikel 8 EVRM...............................................................................................................................................46
De beperkingssystematiek van artikel 8 lid 2 EVRM......................................................................................47
Het Nederlandse strafvorderlijke kader........................................................................................................48
Artikel 8 lid 2 EVRM: bij wet voorzien...........................................................................................................49
Datagedreven opsporing...............................................................................................................................53
Het Wetboek van Strafvordering en de Wet Politiegegevens.......................................................................55
EHRM Big Brother Watch...............................................................................................................................55

Jurisprudentie.....................................................................................................................................................57
HR 4 april 2017, ECLI:NL:HR:2017:584 (Smartphone)...................................................................................57
EHRM 25 mei 2021, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2021:0525… (Big Brother Watch e.a. t. VK)...........................................58


WEEK 4: PRIVACY EN STRAFRECHT II............................................................................................................. 64

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................64
Digital right Ierland........................................................................................................................................64
Tele2 Sverige/Watson....................................................................................................................................65
Ministerio Fiscal.............................................................................................................................................66
Prokuratuur (HvJ 2 maart 2021)....................................................................................................................67
Abortus..........................................................................................................................................................69
EHRM A, B en C/Ierland.................................................................................................................................70


WEEK 5: VRIJHEIDSBENEMING..................................................................................................................... 72

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................72
Artikel 5 EVRM (het recht op vrijheid)...........................................................................................................74
De voorlopige hechtenis................................................................................................................................74
Motiveringseisen van de VH..........................................................................................................................76

, De kritiek........................................................................................................................................................77
Detentie, vervangende hechtenis en gijzeling...............................................................................................78
De voorwaardelijke invrijheidsstelling...........................................................................................................80
Tbs, ISD en de zorgmachtiging.......................................................................................................................82


WEEK 6: NEMO TENETUR............................................................................................................................. 85

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................85
Criterium voor de toepasbaarheid................................................................................................................86
De ratio..........................................................................................................................................................89
Een nationaal NT-beginsel?............................................................................................................................91


WEEK 7: CYBERCRIMINALITEIT..................................................................................................................... 95

Hoorcollege........................................................................................................................................................95
Informatie-uitwisseling..................................................................................................................................96
Mensenrechten............................................................................................................................................101


WEEK 8: ONSCHULDPRESUMPTIE............................................................................................................... 105

Hoorcollege......................................................................................................................................................105
Het mensenrecht.........................................................................................................................................106
De onschuldpresumptie in Nederland.........................................................................................................107
De twee beginselen.....................................................................................................................................109
Het bewijsbeginsel in het Nederlandse strafrecht......................................................................................114
Bejegening in het Nederlandse strafrecht...................................................................................................115


WEEK 9: RECHT OP EEN EERLIJK PROCES IN DE RECHTSPRAKTIJK.................................................................118

Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................118
Getuigen......................................................................................................................................................120
De redelijke termijn.....................................................................................................................................122
Aanwezigheidsrecht.....................................................................................................................................123
Procesafspraken...........................................................................................................................................124
Verschoningsrecht.......................................................................................................................................125

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