PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREGNANCY (DAVIS ADVANTAGE FOR MATERNAL-NEWBORN NURSING: CRITICAL COMPONENTS 4TH EDITION) CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

Increased Estrogen and Progesterone levels lead to: ANSWER: -Tender, Full, and Tingling breasts that prepare for lactation -Uterine Changes (Increase in contractibility and 20x growth) -Vaginal muscles become softer -Amenorrhea -Increased risk for yeast infections Major Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy: ANSWER: -Blood Volume Increase (30-50%) -Cardiac Output Increase (30-50%) -Blood pressure to decrease in 1st trimester, then slowly increase -Resting HR Increase (by 10-20bpm) -Increase in plasma volume; physiological anemia (hemodilution) -Supine Hypotensive Syndrome Major Respiratory changes during pregnancy: ANSWER: -Oxygen consumption increase (20-40%) -Respiratory Rate Increases -Oxygen demand increases -Tidal volume increases -Increase in hormones which cause nosebleeds, shortness of breath, and congestion -Develop thoracic breathing, instead of abdominal breathing. Major Renal changes during pregnancy: ANSWER: -Increased urinary output with urinary frequency -Increased risk for UTIs -Increased excretion of glucose and ketones in urine Major GI changes during pregnancy: ANSWER: -N/V (HCG may lead to delayed gastric emptying) -Heartburn (Esophageal tone is decreased) -Bloating, flatulence, constipation (Gallbladder contractility is decreased) -Taste and smell changes -PIKA Major Musculoskeletal changes during pregnanc