SOCIOLOGY-I

SOCIOLOGY (L.L.B PART 1)



SOCIOLOGY-I




LLB (PART 1)

, SOCIOLOGY (L.L.B PART 1)

Contents
INTRODUCTION OF SOCIOLOGY.................................................................................................................... 1
NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY:................................................................................................................... 2
EXPONENTS / FAMOUS SOCIOLOGISTS: .......................................................................................... 2
DEVELOPMENT FACTORS: ................................................................................................................. 3
SIGNIFICANCE FOR LAW STUDENTS:............................................................................................. 5
SOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES .................................................................................. 6
SOCIALIZATION............................................................................................................................................ 10
THEORIES OF SOCIALIZATION ..................................................................................................................... 19
THE MODEL OF PERSONALITY ......................................................................................................... 19
THE SOCIAL SELF ............................................................................................................................. 21
LOOKING GLASS SELF ...................................................................................................................... 23
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................................................................. 26
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ............................................................................................................................. 36
CLASS AND CONFLICT Theory ..................................................................................................... 39
THREE-COMPONENT THEORY ..................................................................................................... 41
Culture ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
SOCIAL GROUPS .......................................................................................................................................... 52
SOCIAL ORGANISATIONS............................................................................................................................. 55
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................................................................... 57
Social Paradigm ....................................................................................................................................... 59
CONTROL AND DEVIANCE ........................................................................................................................... 63
SOCIAL CONTROL, DEVIANCE, AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN.......................................... 68
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN .................................................................................................. 78
Ethnocentrism ............................................................................................................................................. 84

, SOCIOLOGY (L.L.B PART 1)


INTRODUCTION OF SOCIOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION:
The study of society is called sociology. It is a branch of social science
(nonmaterial science) that deals with the relationship between an
individual’s attraction, interaction, and the science of collective behavior. A
person who studies sociology is known as a sociologist. In sociology, we
study the human individual as well as collective behavior.


2. MEANINGS:
The word sociology is derived from two "Latin" words "socio" and "logie"
which means the "study of society".
Study of human social relationships and institutions.
DERIVATION:
Sociology
⬇
Socius. Logie
⬇ ⬇
Society. Logic/ knowledge.
⬇
Knowledge of society.


3. DEFINITIONS:
i. Science of society. (Sumner)
ii. Scientific Study of Society. (Giddens)
iii. Science of social institutions. (E. Durkheim)
iv. The scientific study of human relationship. (Simmel)
v. Science of collective behavior (park)
vi. The study of social actions (Weber).



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, SOCIOLOGY (L.L.B PART 1)

4. ORIGIN:
The word sociology was no more before the 19th century. It was discovered
and studied in the mid 19th century in France and Middle Europe by a well-
known and beginner sociologist "Sir Auguste Comte". After that sociology
had become a subject and was studied broadly all over the world.
Keynote:
Auguste Comte (19th century).
Somewhere in French/Europe.


5. SCOPE:
The scope of sociology is extremely wide, ranging from the encounters
between two individuals up to the analysis of world-wide social processes.
(Giddens)


6. NATURE OF SOCIOLOGY:
The nature of sociology is as follows;
• Sociology is an independent science.
• Sociology is a social science (non-material science).
• Sociology is pure and applied science.
• Sociology is a generalizing science.
• Sociology is both rational and empirical science.


7. EXPONENTS / FAMOUS SOCIOLOGISTS:
i. (1798-1857) Auguste comte (Scientific, Positivism).
ii. (1820-1903) Herbert Spencer (Evolution)
iii. (1818-1883) Karl Marx (Class & Conflict)
iv. (1887-1917) E. Durkheim (Social Integration)
v. (1864-1920) Max Weber (Historical, Cross-cultural)
Their Explanation is as under:



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