NUR 325 Exam 1 Pharmacology Concepts Questions and Answers 100% Verified

Absorption and factors that affect it - Movement from administration site to various tissues factors: solubility, good circulatory flow additive effect - A + B = AB have similar mechanisms, so the effects of two drugs taken separately EQUALS effects of drugs taken together adverse drug reactions - unintended reactions that occurs when a medication is given at the appropriate dose can be: Non-therapeutic, unintended, predictable/unpredictable, varies in severity agonists - drugs that bind with a receptor and increases the response antagonist effects - AB less than A + B taking the drugs together have a less effect than taking them separately antagonists - drug that bind with receptor and blocks or inhibits a response Bioavailability - Amount of drug leftover after its been metabolized Biotransformation - structure of drug is chemically altered after metabolismbrand name drug - -a drug's commercial name, that is capitalized -one generic drug can have multiple brand names examples: Tylenol --> acetaminophen; Advil --> ibuprofen competitive antagonists - competes with an agonist for a receptor site if given in large doses it will decrease the response of an agonist contraindictions - potential to cause a serious or life-threatening adverse drug reaction in relation to a factors like food, combinations with other meds and certain populations cumulative effect - occurs when the body is unable to excrete an existing dose of medication for another dose is administered -can be caused by a metabolic change in the body such as in liver or kidney Distribution and Factors that effect it - -movement of a drug by the circulatory system to the intended site of action (once drug is in the blood, goes to site needed) -areas w/ rich blood supply (heart, liver, kidneys) receive highest level of drug -areas w/ low blood supply (bones, brain barrier), wont receive high level of drug Drug Food Example - can alter metabolism of meds ex. grapefruit juice slows drug metabolism vitamin k can lead to increased clotting Drug Half-Life - -time it takes for a drug to be decreased in amount by half -medications with short half life might need multiple spaced dosesdrug-drug interactions - one drug effects the way another drug effects the body Duration - amount of time the drugs therapeutic effects last Factors that affect rate of absorption (oral meds) - Reasons there can be a delay in absorption: -enteric-coated drugs: don't dissolve till they reach the intestine -extended-release drugs: release over a period of time -immediate-release drugs: expedites release of drugs