ISA Certified Arborist Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 2024

guard cells - Correct Answer Pair of specialized cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomate due to the change in water pressure within cells. Functions of root system - Correct Answer Absorb and conduct water and minerals, anchor and support plant, storage of extra food and produce hormones. Tropism - Correct Answer Tendency of growth or variation of a plant in response to an external stimulus such as gravity or light. Geotropism - Correct Answer plant growth produced as a response to the force of gravity, either positive, as in the direction of gravity (roots), or negative, as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots) Phototropism - Correct Answer Influence of light on the direction of plant growth. Tendency of plants to grow toward light.: excurrent - Correct Answer tree growth habit characterized by a central leader and pyramidal crown. decurrent - Correct Answer rounded or spreading growth habit of the crown of a tree. Respiration - Correct Answer In plants, process by which carbohydrates are converted into energy by using oxygen. Gymnosperms - Correct Answer Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. Angiosperms - Correct Answer Plant with seeds born in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (mostly woody trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, and related plants). Fall foliage color - Correct Answer Results from the breakdown of chlorophyll and the expression of other pigments in the leaf. Anthocyanins (reds and purples) and carotenoids (yellows, oranges and reds) are expressed.