NSCI 222 Exam 1 Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

A child at the zoo walks by the lion cage. The lion roars and the child cries, running to their mother. The next time the child sees the lion cage, she starts to cry and asks her mother to pick her up. (US, UR, CS, CR?) - US: Loud noise (roar sound; disturbing sound) UR: Crying CS: Lion cage CR: Crying After seeing an advertisement with a very attractive individual consuming an energy drink, Brian finds himself drawn to that same energy drink at the grocery store. (US, UR, CS, CR?) - US: Attractive individual from an ad UR: Attracted CS: Energy drink that was consumed by an attractive person CR: Attracted Alex visited his friend in southern California and while there, he tried hummus for the first time. That night, Alex was sick. To this day, he avoids all hummus like the plague. (US, UR, CS, CR?) - US: Virus/bacteria UR: Sick CS: All hummus CR: Sick At the beginning of class, the professor drops a huge book on the desk. This produces a very loud sound that startles the students in the class. Later, when the professor raises another large book above his head (but doesn't drop it), the students all flinch. (US, UR, CS, CR?) - US: Loud noise UR: Flinch CS: Large book CR: Flinch Behavior - anything objectively measurable a person or another animal does- those that can't be observed by naked eye like bp, heart rate, secretion by glands can still count as behaviors since they're measurable Belongingness - Experiment 1: Compound stimulus (light + tone) + US (food) Test 1: Compound stimulus shown - show CR Test 2: Light only - show CR Test 3: Tone only - no CR Experiment 2: Compound stimulus (light + tone) + US (shock) Test 1: Compound stimulus shown - show CR Test 2: Light only - no CR Test 3: Tone only - show CR - Learning depends on the relevance of the CS to the US (i.e., birds heavily rely on visual to find food; visual stimuli - food VS birds heavily rely on auditory to avoid predators; auditory stimuli - threats from external environment) - Rat drinks water (CR) only when: bright, noisy water with sick US (audiovisual and taste) & taste water with shock US (taste and audiovisual) Blocking - - Group 1: Nothing in phase 1; compound stimulus (light & tone) and US (food) paired training in phase 2; Test 1 presented with light only and Test 2 presented with tone only - Group 2: Pre-exposed to light (CS) and food (US) paired training in phase 1; compound stimulus (light & tone) and US (food) paired training in phase 2; Test 1 presented with light only and Test 2 presented with tone only - CR in both tests for Group 1 - CR only in Test 1 for Group 2 (doesn't react to tone because the animal relies on the light + food pairing in phase 1; since light alone gets them food, they don't need to pay attention to the tone) - If the intensity of the compound stimulus (4 pallets of food) is greater than the CS (2 pallets of food) in the phase 1, the learning of the Compound stimulus + US will take placeBrain substrates (of cerebellum) associated with the learning of a CR - Interpositus nucleus & Parkinje cells (with eye blinking conditioning example) - CS input (tone or light) reaches the pontine nuclei first then travel to both interpositus nucleus and parkinje cells - US input (air puff) reaches the inferior olive first then travel to both inter-situs nucleus and parkinje cells - CS output information travel backwards now from parkinje cells to interpositus and then gets relayed to inferior olive and results in CR (eye blink) *Without the physical presence of these CS or US, we can use an electrical stimulation instead and still elicit the CR of eye blinking (percent CR when inferior olive was electrically stimulated (US) vs when the actual air puff (US) was used was very close to each oth