Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 14e, Global Edition (Robbins/Judge)

1) Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude? A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event. B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions. C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event. D) Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated. Answer: D Explanation: D) Attitudes are defined as evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, about objects, people, or events. Although attitudes can indicate how people will react and behave, this is not the definition encompassing all attitudes. Emotion and evaluation are facets of types of attitudes. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 2) The emotional or feeling component of a person's attitude is called ________. A) complex understanding B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) a complex attitude E) the behavior component Answer: C Explanation: C) Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and is called the affective component. Description of or belief in the way things are is the cognitive component of attitude. The intention to behave in a certain way toward something describes the behavior component of attitude. Complex understanding and a complex attitude are not components of attitude as defined in OB. Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 3) Janice is spending the summer working as an intern writing copy for a local firm. Today Janice's senior editor sent back some of Janice's work covered in red ink corrections. Up until now, all of Janice's work had been corrected in green or blue ink. Janice is upset and worried that her senior editor doesn't like her. Which component of an attitude is not represented in the previous scenario? A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component Answer: E Explanation: E) In the example, Janice does not take action. Therefore, she does not demonstrate the behavioral component of an attitude. Janice believes that her senior editor doesn't like her. This judgment, or evaluation, demonstrates the cognitive component of an attitude. Janice is upset. She has had an emotional reaction to the red ink on her work, which represents the affective component of an attitude. Although an attitude can be positive or negative, these are not considered components of an attitude as defined in OB. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Application LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 4) The belief that "violence is wrong" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive Answer: A Explanation: A) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement "violence is wrong". The affective component of an attitude reveals the emotional reaction, and the behavioral component is how someone behaves toward someone or something. There are no components of attitude called reflective or reactive in OB. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Application LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 5) Which of the following is an example of an affective attitude? A) believing that you did a good job B) the observation that most dogs have four legs C) the opinion that it is never acceptable to steal D) anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) the avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service Answer: D Explanation: D) Affective attitudes reveal emotion, such as anger. Belief and opinions are examples of cognitive or evaluative attitudes. Observation and avoidance are behaviors and are facets of behavioral attitudes. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Application LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 6) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead, while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions, although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. When Thad complained about not getting a raise, he was experiencing which attitude? A) cognitive B) affective C) behavioral D) negative E) dissonance Answer: A Explanation: A) Although his feeling that he was slighted was cognitive, his expression of his feelings is affective. Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Critical Thinking LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 7) Attitudes are evaluative statements. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Attitudes in OB are defined as evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 8) There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Typically, researchers have assumed that attitudes have three components: cognition, affect, and behavior. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 9) The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The affective component is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. An intent to act in a certain way is the behavioral component of an attitude. Diff: 2 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.1 Contrast the three components of an attitude. 10) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Maslow B) Festinger C) Hofstede D) Skinner E) Pavlov Answer: B Explanation: B) In the 1960s, Leon Festinger argued that attitudes follow behavior. Festinger argued that any form of inconsistency is uncomfortable and that individuals will therefore attempt to reduce it. They will seek a stable state, which is a minimum of dissonance. Maslow, Hofstede, Skinner, and Pavlov all made other contributions to OB. Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.2 Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior. 11) "Dissonance" means ________. A) reactance B) constancy C) resistance D) consistency E) inconsistency Answer: E Explanation: E) Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility, or inconsistency, an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Reactance is an emotional reaction to pressure. Constancy and consistency is to continue and not interrupt. Resistance is to avoid. Diff: 1 AACSB: Analytical Thinking Quest. Category: Concept LO: 2.2 Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior