Exam (elaborations) ABCTE

What is Reflection A form of transformation that changes the object's orientation; top, bottom, left, right. This creates a mirror image Best method for showing the high and low temp for a city over a 12 month period? color- coded bar graph What is a Venn diagram useful for? Map logical relationships What is a pie chart most commonly used for? Comparing percentages. What does the right-facing horseshoe shape indicate? The numbers or values are a proper subset of the overarching set. What instrument would help you precisely measure an angle? A Protractor What is the mode? The number or numbers that occur most often in the data set. What is the mean? The average of the number set. What is the Median? The middle number or the average of the 2 middle numbers. What is the range of a number set? Subtract the smallest from the largest number in the set. How many more faces does a cube have than a triangular pyramid? 2 What are syllogisms? Deductive reasoning strategies composed of major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion. What is inductive reasoning Bases conclusions on specific examples and can sometimes not be logically valid. In the hydrologic cycle, which process transforms liquid to gas? Evaporation - a physical change; it turns water into a gaseous state In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns gas to liquid? Condensation. In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns solid to gas? Sublimation (like when dry ice "smokes") In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns gas to liquid? precipitation What is climate? The overall weather pattern over time in a certain region. What does "biotic" mean? the living elements in a biome - plants, mammals, insects What does abiotic mean? non-living element in a biome - pond, rain, sunlight. What is the purpose of the scientific method? To use observation to test hypotheses and make predictions. What is the scientific method based on? observation and the replication of results; hypotheses are formed and tested, with the hope that a theory can be created from the cycle of tested hypotheses. According to Darwin's idea of natural selection... Populations pass down traits that help them adapt to their environment. 19th century scientist George Mendel believed that... The emergence of one trait will not affect the emergence of another. How many planets in our solar system are known to have rings? 4 - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Give an example of the rain shadow effect: A town on the leeward side of the mountain receives little annual rainfall. Leeward side Side of the mountain protected from the wind. What is the rain shadow effect? Mountains push moist air to higher altitudes where it cools, and water vapor condenses to form rain or snow that only falls on the windward side. Can the gemstone sapphire be scratched by quartz? Why? No, because it is a variety of corundum, which ranks a very high 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Quartz is a 7 on the scale. Where is lignite on the Mohs scale of hardness? It is a very soft form of coal, so it is low. Where is talc on the Mohs scale of hardness? It is a 1; it can be scratched with your fingernail. The liver is an organ in the ____________ system? Digestive. The liver provides bile and other enzymes for the digestion of dietary fats. What are the rectus abdominus? Muscles of the torso. Where is the pituitary gland located, and what does it do? It is located in the brain and it secretes a variety of hormones. Intense heat and pressure transform limestone into what? Marble. What kind of rock is limestone? Sedimentary rock. Anthracite is a form of what? Coal. What is formica? A man-made materiel invented in 1913. What is halite? rock salt Would xenon be a good choice to fill a balloon with? It wouldn't hurt anything, but xenon is heavier than air. What gas would be dangerous to fill a balloon with? Hydrogen. It is highly reactive. Would nitrogen be a good choice to fill a balloon with? It wouldn't hurt anything but it would approximate the weight of air and look like a "tired" helium balloon. Neutrals have a pH value of greater than 7 to 14 If a substance is corrosive to metal and turns litmus paper red, it is _________ an acid. Acids have characteristics of being sour, like lemon juice and vinegar. If a substance feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue it is ________ a base. Examples are baking soda and ammonia. Acids have a pH value of 0 - 6 Battery acid is at 0. what features are only found in plant cells? cell wall and chloroplasts. Neutrals have a pH value of zero. water, for example. Animal cells have _____ instead of cell walls? cell membranes Why don't animal cells need chloroplasts for photosynthesis? Because animals do not get their energy from light. What factor would hinder the normal development of a plant? Stress - from things like soil conditions and restricted growing space would stunt plant growth. What was Darwin's major contribution to the scientific world? Natural Selection (along with Alfred Russell Wallace) What was Linnaeus' major contribution to the scientific world? Taxonomic classification (he was an 18th century Swedish scientist) He laid the foundation for our hierarchical scheme for classifying plants and animals. What was Mendeleev's major contribution to Science? He devised an early version of the periodic table. What was Mendel's scientific contribution? He was a forefather in the field of genetics. What is the proper sequence in the water cycle? Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection. which instrument would be useful in studying weather? Anemometer Which instrument would be useful in measuring wind speed? Anemometer Which instrument would be useful in measuring blood pressure? Sphygmomanometer Which instrument would be useful in me