Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Dr. Amani is interested in investigating why women are more able to correctly interpret emotional
expressions than men. He is most interested in the scientific goal of _____.
A. explaining
B. predicting
C. describing
D. deciding
2. Behavior is _____; mental processes are _____.
A. private/personal
B. personal/observable
C. personal/private
D. observable/private
3. Which of the following is an example of behavior?
A. Thinking of a family vacation.
B. Two people holding hands.
C. A student's memory of a motorcycle trip.
D. A baby's feelings when its mother leaves the room.
4. According to the text, which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to
psychology?
A. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
B. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity
C. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity
D. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity
5. The core of the scientific method is based on critical thinking, curiosity, objectivity, and _____.
A. skepticism
B. anachronistic thinking
C. political correctness
D. subjectivity
6. Which of the following statements about critical thinking is false?
A. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the
evidence.
B. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research.
C. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs,
opinions, and emotions.
D. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts.
7. The empirical method best fulfills which of the following goals of science?
A. Expectations
B. Objectivity
C. Subjectivity
D. Political correctness
8. Psychology began as a science in the discipline of _____.
A. philosophy
B. physics
C. chemistry
D. sociology
,9. Which of the following theorists used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior?
A. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Charles Darwin
D. Sigmund Freud
10. With which school of psychology is Wilhelm Wundt associated?
A. Functionalism
B. Structuralism
C. Humanism
D. Behaviorism
11. If you were a psychologist who adopted the structuralism approach, you would be interested in the _____
of the mind, using _____ as your primary research method.
A. function/experimentation
B. structures/externalization
C. function/retrospection
D. structures/introspection
12. Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of _____, whereas William James was the founder of _____.
A. structuralism/behaviorism
B. behaviorism/functionalism
C. functionalism/behaviorism
D. structuralism/functionalism
13. _____ is considered the "founding father" of modern psychology.
A. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Charles Darwin
14. _____ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind, whereas _____ probed the
functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
A. Structuralism/functionalism
B. Functionalism/structuralism
C. Functionalism/psychodynamic theory
D. Behaviorism/structuralism
15. Psychologists who adopt a _____ approach examine behavior and mental processes through focusing on
the body, especially the brain and nervous system.
A. biological
B. psychodynamic
C. behavioral
D. evolutionary
16. Dr. Zimand is studying the association between the functioning of specific brain structures and
depression. It is likely that Dr. Zimand specializes in the _____ approach to psychology.
A. behavioral
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. biological
17. Neuroscience studies are based on which of the following theoretical approaches to psychology?
A. Behavioral
B. Psychodynamic
C. Biological
D. Evolutionary
,18. The _____ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their
environmental determinants.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
19. J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that _____.
A. consciousness should always be investigated through the process of individual introspection
B. psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment—that is,
behaviors
C. psychology should study both outwardly observed behaviors and inborn mental motivations
D. psychological methods could be developed to study the process of human cognition
20. _____ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what
cannot be seen (e.g., internal states such as thoughts, feelings, and goals).
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Carl Rogers
21. In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts.
With which psychological approach does this align?
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Evolutionary
22. The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.
This view contrasts with the _____ approach to psychology, which focuses on an organism's visible
interactions with the environment.
A. behavioral/cognitive
B. cognitive/behavioral
C. psychodynamic/humanistic
D. humanistic/psychodynamic
23. Which of the following schools of thought involves an analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious
conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and
feelings?
A. Behaviorism
B. Humanistic psychology
C. Cognitive psychology
D. Psychoanalysis
24. According to the _____, people have the ability to control their lives and are not simply controlled by the
environment.
A. humanistic approach
B. psychodynamic approach
C. evolutionary approach
D. behaviorism approach
25. The _____ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the
freedom to choose one's destiny.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
, 26. The humanistic approach to psychology focuses on _____.
A. higher human values and free will
B. unconscious childhood conflicts
C. the consequences of behavior
D. thinking, memory, decision making, and problem solving
27. According to _____ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to
remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. humanistic
28. Dr. Daack has spent a lifetime studying how adults solve mathematical problems. It is likely that Dr.
Daack specializes in _____ psychology.
A. evolutionary
B. cognitive
C. biological
D. psychodynamic
29. Which of the following approaches to psychology focuses on how we direct our attention, perceive,
remember, think, and solve problems?
A. Sociocultural
B. Behavioral
C. Cognitive
D. Psychodynamic
30. The _____ approach relies on concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection when
explaining human behavior.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
31. The _____ approach focuses on comparisons of behavior across countries as well as on the behavior of
individuals from different ethnic and cultural groups within a country.
A. psychodynamic
B. sociocultural
C. cognitive
D. evolutionary
32. Dr. Badal is a psychologist who studies achievement motivation among groups of African American,
Latino, and Asian American people. Dr. Badal likely practices the _____ to psychology.
A. sociocultural approach
B. biological approach
C. evolutionary approach
D. cognitive approach
33. Which of the following is NOT a step of the scientific method?
A. Formulating hypotheses and predictions
B. Drawing and evaluating conclusions
C. Observing some phenomenon
D. Publishing politically correct results
34. Which is the first step in conducting a scientific inquiry?
A. Testing through empirical research
B. Observing some phenomenon
C. Drawing conclusions
D. Formulating hypotheses and predictions
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Dr. Amani is interested in investigating why women are more able to correctly interpret emotional
expressions than men. He is most interested in the scientific goal of _____.
A. explaining
B. predicting
C. describing
D. deciding
2. Behavior is _____; mental processes are _____.
A. private/personal
B. personal/observable
C. personal/private
D. observable/private
3. Which of the following is an example of behavior?
A. Thinking of a family vacation.
B. Two people holding hands.
C. A student's memory of a motorcycle trip.
D. A baby's feelings when its mother leaves the room.
4. According to the text, which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to
psychology?
A. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
B. Critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity
C. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity
D. Critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity
5. The core of the scientific method is based on critical thinking, curiosity, objectivity, and _____.
A. skepticism
B. anachronistic thinking
C. political correctness
D. subjectivity
6. Which of the following statements about critical thinking is false?
A. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the
evidence.
B. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research.
C. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs,
opinions, and emotions.
D. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts.
7. The empirical method best fulfills which of the following goals of science?
A. Expectations
B. Objectivity
C. Subjectivity
D. Political correctness
8. Psychology began as a science in the discipline of _____.
A. philosophy
B. physics
C. chemistry
D. sociology
,9. Which of the following theorists used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior?
A. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Charles Darwin
D. Sigmund Freud
10. With which school of psychology is Wilhelm Wundt associated?
A. Functionalism
B. Structuralism
C. Humanism
D. Behaviorism
11. If you were a psychologist who adopted the structuralism approach, you would be interested in the _____
of the mind, using _____ as your primary research method.
A. function/experimentation
B. structures/externalization
C. function/retrospection
D. structures/introspection
12. Wilhelm Wundt was the founder of _____, whereas William James was the founder of _____.
A. structuralism/behaviorism
B. behaviorism/functionalism
C. functionalism/behaviorism
D. structuralism/functionalism
13. _____ is considered the "founding father" of modern psychology.
A. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Charles Darwin
14. _____ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind, whereas _____ probed the
functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
A. Structuralism/functionalism
B. Functionalism/structuralism
C. Functionalism/psychodynamic theory
D. Behaviorism/structuralism
15. Psychologists who adopt a _____ approach examine behavior and mental processes through focusing on
the body, especially the brain and nervous system.
A. biological
B. psychodynamic
C. behavioral
D. evolutionary
16. Dr. Zimand is studying the association between the functioning of specific brain structures and
depression. It is likely that Dr. Zimand specializes in the _____ approach to psychology.
A. behavioral
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. biological
17. Neuroscience studies are based on which of the following theoretical approaches to psychology?
A. Behavioral
B. Psychodynamic
C. Biological
D. Evolutionary
,18. The _____ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their
environmental determinants.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
19. J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that _____.
A. consciousness should always be investigated through the process of individual introspection
B. psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environment—that is,
behaviors
C. psychology should study both outwardly observed behaviors and inborn mental motivations
D. psychological methods could be developed to study the process of human cognition
20. _____ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what
cannot be seen (e.g., internal states such as thoughts, feelings, and goals).
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Carl Rogers
21. In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts.
With which psychological approach does this align?
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
C. Psychodynamic
D. Evolutionary
22. The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.
This view contrasts with the _____ approach to psychology, which focuses on an organism's visible
interactions with the environment.
A. behavioral/cognitive
B. cognitive/behavioral
C. psychodynamic/humanistic
D. humanistic/psychodynamic
23. Which of the following schools of thought involves an analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious
conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and
feelings?
A. Behaviorism
B. Humanistic psychology
C. Cognitive psychology
D. Psychoanalysis
24. According to the _____, people have the ability to control their lives and are not simply controlled by the
environment.
A. humanistic approach
B. psychodynamic approach
C. evolutionary approach
D. behaviorism approach
25. The _____ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the
freedom to choose one's destiny.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
, 26. The humanistic approach to psychology focuses on _____.
A. higher human values and free will
B. unconscious childhood conflicts
C. the consequences of behavior
D. thinking, memory, decision making, and problem solving
27. According to _____ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to
remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive
C. evolutionary
D. humanistic
28. Dr. Daack has spent a lifetime studying how adults solve mathematical problems. It is likely that Dr.
Daack specializes in _____ psychology.
A. evolutionary
B. cognitive
C. biological
D. psychodynamic
29. Which of the following approaches to psychology focuses on how we direct our attention, perceive,
remember, think, and solve problems?
A. Sociocultural
B. Behavioral
C. Cognitive
D. Psychodynamic
30. The _____ approach relies on concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection when
explaining human behavior.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. evolutionary
D. behavioral
31. The _____ approach focuses on comparisons of behavior across countries as well as on the behavior of
individuals from different ethnic and cultural groups within a country.
A. psychodynamic
B. sociocultural
C. cognitive
D. evolutionary
32. Dr. Badal is a psychologist who studies achievement motivation among groups of African American,
Latino, and Asian American people. Dr. Badal likely practices the _____ to psychology.
A. sociocultural approach
B. biological approach
C. evolutionary approach
D. cognitive approach
33. Which of the following is NOT a step of the scientific method?
A. Formulating hypotheses and predictions
B. Drawing and evaluating conclusions
C. Observing some phenomenon
D. Publishing politically correct results
34. Which is the first step in conducting a scientific inquiry?
A. Testing through empirical research
B. Observing some phenomenon
C. Drawing conclusions
D. Formulating hypotheses and predictions
