Summary Biological Molecules notes - AQA A-level biology

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES

Monomer Thesmaller units fromwhich largermolecules are made

Polymer molecules made from a largenumber of monomers joined together



POLYMER MONOMER
carbohydrates monosaccharides


proteins aminoacids

construal nucleotides
nucleicacids




condensation reaction where 2 molecules joined together and water is eliminated forming
a chemical bond glycosidic ester peptide phosphodiester




Hydrolysisreaction wherewater is added to break a chemicalbondbetween 2 molecules


Lipidsmade of glycerol 3ft they arenotmonomers as notchainof repeatingmonomers

, Carbohydrates
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CHOonly
carbs

simplesugarscarbs complexsugars



anaemia polysaccharides
mmmm
a Bsiucose maltose glycogen
galactose lactose starch
cellulose




MONOSACCHARIDES
monomer of carbohydrates

eg glucose galactose fructose
generalformula Chao n

Glucose 2isomers
CoHiro hexose sugar 6carbons



Alphaglucose o
iHzOH
Es o
on position
Ho
I c'it
94
c at
H OH




2 Beta glucose


is
iHzOH

i o
OHposition

Ho
c
g CI
C c
µ g

, Disaccharides
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maltose sucrose lactose
tu catween


formed by condensation of 2 monosaccharides formingglycosidicbond
releasing H2O

formula 1242201 2x C6Hiz06 H2O


monosaccharide polysaccharide
glucose glucose maltose
glucose t galactose lactose
glucose fructose sucrose



eg of condensation

2 glucose x

C

c
glucoseTi
Q
c
H H a C O

e
formsH2O bindsto C1
onothermolecule
toformglycosidicbond

v
c O
e É o d c o
f
t H2O
l c e e

maltose
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