Middle School Science Bowl Study Guide

Middle School Science Bowl Study Guide skeleton - answerthe internal supporting structure that gives an artifact its shape vertebrae - answerbackbone (26 bones) joint - answerthe point of connection between two bones ligaments - answertissue that connects bone to bone compact bone - answerHard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. spongy bone - answerpart of bone with many small pores or spaces marrow - answerconnective tissue that fills the cavities of bones cartilage - answertough, flexible connective tissue osteoporosis - answera condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. involuntary muscles - answermuscles that you cannot control voluntary muscles - answermuscles that you are able to control skeletal muscles - answerthe muscles attached to bones that enable you to move tendon - answerstrong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone smooth muscle - answerinvoluntary muscle found in internal organs cardiac muscle - answermuscle tissue found only in the heart striated - answermarked with parallel bands; grooved epidermis - answerthe outermost layer of the skin and the only layer in direct contact with the outside enviorment. melanin - answera pigment that gives the skin its color dermis - answersecond layer of skin, holding blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles pores - answeropenings on the surface of the skin used by the sweat glands follicles - answerStructure in the dermis of the skin from which a strand of hair grows Class Gastropoda - answerPart of the phylum Mollusca. It includes animals such as slugs and snails. Class Bivalvia - answerPart of the Phylum Mollusca. It includes animals such as clams, oysters, and scallops. Class Cephalopoda - answerPart of the Phylum Mollusca. It includes animals such as nautilus, squids, and octopi. Subphyla Urochordata - answerPart of the Phylum Chordata. It includes animals such as sea squirts. Subphylum Cephalochordata - answerPart of the Phylum Chordata. It includes organisms such as lancelets. Subphylum Uniramia - answerIt is a subphylum of the phylum Chordata. It includes organisms such as insects, millipedes, and centipedes. Subphylum Chelicerata - answerIt is a subphylum of the phylum Arthropoda. It encompasses organisms such as arachnids, spiders, and horseshoe crabs. Subphylum Crustacea - answerIt is a subphylum of the phylum Arthopoda. It encompasses organisms such as shrimps, lobsters, crabs, crayfish, barnacles, and pill bugs. Diaphragm - answerThe main muscle used for breathing. IT seperates the chest and the abdominal cavities. Epiglottis - answerA flab of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea, or windpipe, during swallowing trachea - answerThe wind pipe. alveoli - answerAny of the tiny air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. They are shaped like grapes and there are millions of them! Larynx - answerThe vocal cords are located in the The right lung - answerThe larger lung The left lung - answerThe smaller lung Red Blood Cells - answerblood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream 1/5 or 20% - answerThe fraction/percentage of oxygen in air. Carbon Dioxide - answerThe waste product of respiration which is removed from the body via the blood stream at the alveoli sacs and is breathed out.