Advanced Pathophysiology midterm
1.
Endoplasmic
reticulum
protein folding occurs
2.
Lysosomes
needed for digesting and defense
3.
mitochondria
ATP cellular respiration
4.
Nucleolus
Where RNA transcription occurs
5.
Nucleus
contains DNA
6.
peroxisomes
detoxifies fatty acids
7.
Ribosomes
transport proteins and begin protein synthesis
8.
,What is the result
of glycolysis
2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvate
9.
Oxidative phosphorylation
The production of ATP using energy in the presence of
oxygen to convert pyruvate to acetyll co-A
10. anaerobic glycolysis
pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
11. where is most ATP synthesized?
in the mitochondria
12. what part of the cell communicates with other cells to promote migration?
the plasma membrane
13. Paracrine membrane contact
release of chemicals to cells close by
14. autocrine membrane contact
cells signal themselves
,Advanced Pathophysiology midterm
15. hormonal membrane communication
hormones act as chemical signals
16. neurohormonal membrane communication
neurons release neurotransmitters that travel in the blood
vs a synapse
17. what are examples of hormonal processes mediated by cAMP
epinephrine
ACTH
glucagon
ADH
thrombin
18. secondary messengers
involved in cell signaling
- ligand binds to a receptor, signals cAMP or ca++
19. hypoxic injury
results from lack of O2, leads to DNA damage
20. what do reactive oxygen species result in
increased cell damage and deah
, 21. what is tonicity
the osmotic force exerted by molecules like sodium and
albumin
22. isotonic fluid deficit S/s and labs
dehydration
23. isotonic fluid excess s/s and labs
hypervolemia, low H, hyponatremia, edema, pulmonary edema, HTN
24. Na+ lab value
135-145 mEq/L
25. K+ lab value
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
26. Ca+ lab value
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
27. Mg+ lab value
1.5-3 mg/dL
28. what electrolytes are effected by kidney failure?
increased serum and potassium, magnesium, and phosphare
29. What does aldosterone promote
sodium retention and potassium excretion
1.
Endoplasmic
reticulum
protein folding occurs
2.
Lysosomes
needed for digesting and defense
3.
mitochondria
ATP cellular respiration
4.
Nucleolus
Where RNA transcription occurs
5.
Nucleus
contains DNA
6.
peroxisomes
detoxifies fatty acids
7.
Ribosomes
transport proteins and begin protein synthesis
8.
,What is the result
of glycolysis
2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvate
9.
Oxidative phosphorylation
The production of ATP using energy in the presence of
oxygen to convert pyruvate to acetyll co-A
10. anaerobic glycolysis
pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
11. where is most ATP synthesized?
in the mitochondria
12. what part of the cell communicates with other cells to promote migration?
the plasma membrane
13. Paracrine membrane contact
release of chemicals to cells close by
14. autocrine membrane contact
cells signal themselves
,Advanced Pathophysiology midterm
15. hormonal membrane communication
hormones act as chemical signals
16. neurohormonal membrane communication
neurons release neurotransmitters that travel in the blood
vs a synapse
17. what are examples of hormonal processes mediated by cAMP
epinephrine
ACTH
glucagon
ADH
thrombin
18. secondary messengers
involved in cell signaling
- ligand binds to a receptor, signals cAMP or ca++
19. hypoxic injury
results from lack of O2, leads to DNA damage
20. what do reactive oxygen species result in
increased cell damage and deah
, 21. what is tonicity
the osmotic force exerted by molecules like sodium and
albumin
22. isotonic fluid deficit S/s and labs
dehydration
23. isotonic fluid excess s/s and labs
hypervolemia, low H, hyponatremia, edema, pulmonary edema, HTN
24. Na+ lab value
135-145 mEq/L
25. K+ lab value
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
26. Ca+ lab value
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
27. Mg+ lab value
1.5-3 mg/dL
28. what electrolytes are effected by kidney failure?
increased serum and potassium, magnesium, and phosphare
29. What does aldosterone promote
sodium retention and potassium excretion
