PSYC 282 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Questions And Answers Graded A+

Two broad categories of substance-related and addictive disorders - -Substance use disorder -Substance-induced disorders Commonalities across substances in relation to substance use disorders - -They reinforce behavior -Tolerance -Withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use (Therefore, criteria for SUD have similar underlying structure) Criteria for SUD - Problematic usage with significant impairment or distress with at least two of the following eleven symptoms (a) impaired control over drug use (1-4) (b) risky use (5-6) (c) social impairment and physical dependence (10-11) Prevalence of SUDs - Most prevalent mental health condition in the US 35% prevalence rate Females "progress" faster from initial use of SUD diagnosis Comorbidity of Substance Use Disorders - About 1/3 of persons with SUDs had a cooccurring psychiatric disorder: -Mood -Anxiety -Personality -PTSD in adults and adolescents Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders - -Anyone who uses substances -Genetic-Personality -Environmental -Stress Neurobiology of SUDs - All SUDs are associated with increased dopamine availability in the CNS Ventral Striatum - Part of the striatum made up of nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. Thought to be involved in reward processing Dopamine's Impact on Substance Use Disorders - "drug induced plasticity" of certain portions of the CNS (ventral striatum and nucleus accumbens) promotes "cue-induced craving" and drug seeking Psychological Models of SUDs - -Moral model -Disease model -Disorders of self-regulation -Behavioral models -Stress-diathesis model "Tonic Craving" - physiological and associated with withdrawal "Cue-induced craving" - Involved by stimuli associated with drug use