Bio 117/ Bio 117 Final Exam Study Guide Lectures 1-4: Updated A+ Score Guide

BIO 117 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
LECTURES 1-4

Define anatomy/physiology/pathophysiology/homeostasis
1. Anatomy= the study of body structure
2. Physiology= the function of body
3. Pathophysiology=Improper function “what went wrong”
4. Homeostasis= Stable, staying the same



Directional Terminology
1. Anterior (Ventral)= “Front”
2. Posterior (Dorsal)= “Back”
3. Inferior= bottom
4. Superior= top
5. Lateral= away from midline (side)
6. Medial =center or in the middle
7. Proximal =close to attachment
8. Distal= away from point of attachment
9. Central= Part is IN center (The Heart)
10. Peripheral= part is AWAY from center (blood vessels)
11. Superficial= on or near body, above (Skin)
12. Deep= away from surface of body, under (Bones)



Body regions
• Cervical (neck)


• Cranial (skull)
• Frontal (forehead)
• Occipital (base of skull)
• Oral (mouth)
• Orbital (eyes)
• Axillary (armpit)
• Deltoid (shoulder)

, • Pectoral (chest)
• Scapular (shoulder blade)
• Sternal (breastbone)
• Vertebral (backbone)
• Abdominal (abdomen)