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You are called to see a 65 y/o hypertensive female with squeezing chest pain that radiates down her left arm to neck and jaw. She says her heartbeat is faster, she is having difficulty breathing, and she has felt weak for the past couple of days. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step for this patient? A) secure IV access b) Place her in a comfortable position and administer supplemental oxygen. c) do an ECG and defibrillate if there is an irregular rhythm. d) carry out an initial assessment looking for any immediate threats to life. - correct answer d) carry out an initial assessment looking for any immediate threats to life. Your team gets a call from an elderly female in the summer. Her 83 y/o husband, who has been vomiting and passing frequent loose stools for the past weak, has passed out. You get there and find a man lying supine on the floor with shallow breathing and Breathing Rate of 32. His lips are dry; his skin is cold; and his pulse is 128 BPM, weak, and thready. His BP is 78/50 mmHg. what is the cause of this presentation? a) Septic Shock b) Psychogenic shock c) anaphylactic shock d) dehydration - correct answer d) dehydration You are carrying out a preliminary assessment on a 27 y/o female who was run over by a drunk driver while crossing the street. She is lying supine in a pool of blood and is lethargic, with agonal breathing and multiple abrasions, lacerations, and a crush injury on her left leg. Her skin is also cold and clammy because of shunting of blood to vital organs. Which organ is most important? a) the heart b) the brain c. the lungs d. the kidneys - correct answer a) the heart A 22 y/o pregnant female in her first trimester starts bleeding profusely from her vagina after spotting for the past 2 days. On arrival at her home, she is conscious, cold but weak, with a HR of 132 BPM, RR of 28, and a BP 92/60 mmHg. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? a) placing her in a supine position and administering supplemental oxygen b) securing IV access and starting an infusion to increase blood volume. c) Placing her in the modified Trendelenburg position d) Starting her on supplemental oxygen - correct answer a) placing her in a supine position and administering supplemental oxygen You are called by neighbors to attend to a middle-aged diabetic man who was robbed at home and pushed down a flight of stairs by his assailant. You find him lying at the foot of the stairs, conscious but complaining of a headache where he hit his head. His skin is warm, and his breathing is labored with a Pulse of 40 and BP of 80/48mmHg. The man has no visible injuries. What is the most likely cause of his presentation? a) hypovolemia b) trauma to his cervical spine c)hypoglycemic shock d) myocardial ischemia - correct answer b) trauma to his cervical spine Your team is called to the scene of an accident where a sports car ran into an electric pole at high speed. The sole driver of the vehicle has manager to stumble out but has a shard of glass through his right arm; which is not actively bleeding. You determine scene safety; establish there is one patient; and, on primary assessment, discover that he is conscious but disoriented with a good pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. Which of the following will the patient most benefit from? a) pull out the shard of glass, then apply direct pressure to the wound. b) elevate the arm above the patient's head, then pull out the shard of glass. c) apply the tourniquet proximal to the injury then pull out the shard of glass. d) apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury and leave the shard in. - correct answer d) apply a tourniquet proximal to the injury and leave the shard in. You want to apply a tourniquet to a 48 y/o male who slit his left wrist in a suicide attempt. Which of the following steps is NOT part of the procedure? a) Wrapping your bandage distal to the slit. b) Using a stick as a handle to secure the bandage c) Writing "TK" on the patients forehead. d) Folding a triangular bandage into four in a cravat. - correct answer a) Wrapping your bandage distal to the slit. A 51 y/o female complains of burning chest pain radiating to her back, palpitations, and dizziness. She was diagnosed with hypertension 12 years ago but has been unable to take her medications in the last month. Her BP is 138/100; her pule is 30, and she is having difficulty breathing. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? a) place the patient in a comfortable position, administer oxygen, and transport her quickly to the hospital. b) allow the patient to rest in a comfortable position and administer nitroglycerin, as it is most likely angina. c) give the patient antacids to relieve her peptic ulcer symptoms. d) take a detailed history from the patient and her family. - correct answer a) place the patient in a comfortable position, administer oxygen, and transport her quickly to the hospital. Your are called to an office complex where a 65 y/o male suddenly felt lightheaded with severe chest pain, which he describes as stabbing in nature. In your preliminary assessment, you discover that the man's BP is 89/ 60 with a weak radial pulse of 118BPM and a RR of 38. Your colleague who is assisting, counts a pulse of 96BPM in the mans other wrist. What is the most likely cause of this presentation? a) aortic dissection b) angina c) neurogenic shock d) congestive cardiac failure - correct answer a) aortic dissection Your team is called to attend to a university professor who suddenly felt faint during a presentation. Her husband tells you she was diagnosed with hypertension 33 years ago but takes antihypertensive only when her BP is elevated. The woman complains of breathlessness and is coughing up pinkish sputum. On assessment, you find that she has a RR of 26, Sp02 of 94% with a wheeze and crackles on auscultation. Her BP is 70/62 with cold extremities. What is the most likely cause of the presentation? a) Neurogenic shock b) asthma exacerbation c) cardiogenic shock d) anaphylactic shock - correct answer c) cardiogenic shock In an emergency you are giving CPR to a patient as the sole EMT. Which of the following is accurate about the methodology? a) 30 chest compressions followed by 20 rescue breaths b) 2 chest compressions followed by 30 rescue breaths c) 30 chest compressions followed by 3 rescue breaths d) 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths - correct answer d) 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths In an emergency, you are using an automated external defibrillator on a patient. Which of the following is correct about the methodology? a) CPR and defibrillation should be done simultaneously. b) One shock should be follow by immediate CPR, beginning with rescue breaths. c) Analyze the patient's rhythm after five minutes of CPR. D) Chest compressions and artificial ventilation should be stopped when shocks are being delivered - correct answer D) Chest compressions and artificial ventilation should be stopped when shocks are being delivered Your team is transporting a 56 y/o patient with suspected myocardial infarction to the hospital when suddenly he loses consciousness, he stops breathing, and his pulse is no longer palpable. Which of the following should NOT be part of your treatment regimen? a) Rush the patient to the hospital while your co-responders administer CPR B) Stop the vehicle, Commence CPR, and use the AED once it is ready C) Analyze rhythm and deliver one shock if prompted by the AED. D) IF a "no shock" message is delivered and no pulse is present, resume CPR and continue transport the the hospital - correct answer a) Rush the patient to the hospital while your co-responders administer CPR In delivering HIGH-QUALITY CPR, which of the following is NOT correct according to AHA guidelines? a) chest compressions should be hard, fast, and at least 2 in(5 cm) in depth. b) allow as much ventilation as possible. c) allow complete chest recoil d) change compressor every two minutes or sooner if fatigued. - correct answer b) allow as much ventilation as possible. Which of the following is NOT part of an emergency medical responder's job in an emergency scenario? a) Verify scene safety. b) Activate the emergency response system via a mobile device. c) assess for breathing and pulse simultaneously within 10 sec. d) if breathing is not present but pulse is felt, Start CPR with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 3 breaths - correct answer d) if breathing is not present but pulse is felt, Start CPR with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 3 breaths You are called to a bank where a 35 y/o male has suddenly slumped over. He has agonal breathing with a weak, thready pulse. Bystanders say the man clutched his chest before collapsing. Which of the following steps is MOST appropriate? a) monitor the man's vitals until the AED arrives. b) Provide chest compressions until the AED arrives. c) provide rescue breathing of 10 Breaths/min; check pulse every two min and commence CPR if it is absent. d) Provide rescue breathing of 15 Breaths/min; check pulse every two minutes and commence CPR if it is absent. - correct answer c) provide rescue breathing of 10 Breaths/min; check pulse every two min and commence CPR if it is absent. Upon arriving at the scene of an armed robbery, you find a security guard who fell after being pistol-whipped, hitting his head against the tiled floor. There is a pool of blood around his head and dark circles around both eyes. He is unconscious with a RR OF 30 and pulse of 120. He has cold limbs. To administer high-concentration Oxygen effectively, which of the following is applicable? a) do a head-tilt/ chin-lift maneuver to open the airway. b) Use a nasopharyngeal airway to ensure the airway is patent. c) Use