DCASE Unit 4
What does DCA ensure at MOPP 3? What are some key steps at this level? - ANS-CO
set - GQ & Zebra
All personnel will don protective suits and protective boots
DCA
-canteens are filled with potable water
-active decontamination stations and CCAs
-detection equipment and materials are posted and monitored
-activate CMWD
What are the six categories chemical agents classifications based on? - ANS-1)
physiological effects
2) military use
3) physical state
4) persistency
5) route of entry
6) onset of effects
How are chemical agents as military weapons categorized as? (The three categories of
chemical agents) - ANS-- casualty-causing agents
- incapacitating agents
- chemical compounds
What are the ways a chemical agent can be disseminated? - ANS-Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are aerosols? - ANS-A liquid or a solid substance consisting of finely divided
particles suspended in the atmosphere
What is persistency? - ANS-Ability of a chemical agent to resist evaporation and other
environmental factors that contribute to reduction in concentration.
,What is the difference between persistent and non-persistent chemical agents? -
ANS-Non-persistent: agents disperse rapidly after release and present immediate, short
duration hazard - highly volatile liquids when disseminated then quickly evaporate or
turn into aerosols
persistent: continue to present a hazard after delivery, contaminating material and
degrading unit efficiency
What are the two classifications for route of entry? - ANS--Non-percutaneous:
"inhalation or eye-respiratory hazard" and all agents in the vapor state
-Percutaneous: can enter the body through unbroken skin or that can injure the skin
directly
What are the two classifications of onset of effects? - ANS--delayed acting
-quick acting
Describe nerve agents - ANS-Disrupt the transmission of electrical impulses in the
nervous system
-Brown liquids and most are odorless or have a sweet smell
-Among the deadliest of the casualty-causing agents
What are nerve agent symptoms for mild exposure? - ANS-pupils to contract (myosis),
impairing vision,
headache,
involuntarily muscular twitching,
chest tightness,
secretion of mucous from the nose and saliva from the mouth
When to replace M61 filters? - ANS-blue or black
after 1 blood agent attack
What are nerve agent symptoms for moderate exposure? - ANS-difficulty breathing and
nausea
What are nerve agent symptoms for severe exposure? - ANS-Involuntary defecation
and urination
convulsions
, paralysis of the respiratory muscles
mental impairment
death
What are the two types of nerve agents? - ANS-- G-series
- V-series
What is Blister agent also known as? - ANS-Vesicants,
-burn the skin resulting in severe inflammation, blistering and general destruction of skin
tissues
Secondary bacterial infection of wounds and respiratory complications are the primary
cause of blister agent fatalities
What are blister agent exposure symptoms? - ANS-Burn the skin,
severe inflammation,
blistering,
destruction of skin tissues
intolerance of lights
runny nose,
sore throat
vomiting,
bloody diarrhea,
exhaustion
What are blood agents? - ANS-Enter the body through inhalation, interfering with the
normal transfer of oxygen from the red blood cells into the individual cells of the body
- results in cellular suffocation or anoxia
What are choking agents? - ANS-Vapors or gases that irritate and burn the entire
respiratory system when inhaled.
What are the two categories of incapacitating agents? - ANS-Psychochemical
incapacitating agents temporarily interfere
Physiochemical incapacitating agents
What are the phases for chemical agent treatment? - ANS--pretreatment (before
exposure)
What does DCA ensure at MOPP 3? What are some key steps at this level? - ANS-CO
set - GQ & Zebra
All personnel will don protective suits and protective boots
DCA
-canteens are filled with potable water
-active decontamination stations and CCAs
-detection equipment and materials are posted and monitored
-activate CMWD
What are the six categories chemical agents classifications based on? - ANS-1)
physiological effects
2) military use
3) physical state
4) persistency
5) route of entry
6) onset of effects
How are chemical agents as military weapons categorized as? (The three categories of
chemical agents) - ANS-- casualty-causing agents
- incapacitating agents
- chemical compounds
What are the ways a chemical agent can be disseminated? - ANS-Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are aerosols? - ANS-A liquid or a solid substance consisting of finely divided
particles suspended in the atmosphere
What is persistency? - ANS-Ability of a chemical agent to resist evaporation and other
environmental factors that contribute to reduction in concentration.
,What is the difference between persistent and non-persistent chemical agents? -
ANS-Non-persistent: agents disperse rapidly after release and present immediate, short
duration hazard - highly volatile liquids when disseminated then quickly evaporate or
turn into aerosols
persistent: continue to present a hazard after delivery, contaminating material and
degrading unit efficiency
What are the two classifications for route of entry? - ANS--Non-percutaneous:
"inhalation or eye-respiratory hazard" and all agents in the vapor state
-Percutaneous: can enter the body through unbroken skin or that can injure the skin
directly
What are the two classifications of onset of effects? - ANS--delayed acting
-quick acting
Describe nerve agents - ANS-Disrupt the transmission of electrical impulses in the
nervous system
-Brown liquids and most are odorless or have a sweet smell
-Among the deadliest of the casualty-causing agents
What are nerve agent symptoms for mild exposure? - ANS-pupils to contract (myosis),
impairing vision,
headache,
involuntarily muscular twitching,
chest tightness,
secretion of mucous from the nose and saliva from the mouth
When to replace M61 filters? - ANS-blue or black
after 1 blood agent attack
What are nerve agent symptoms for moderate exposure? - ANS-difficulty breathing and
nausea
What are nerve agent symptoms for severe exposure? - ANS-Involuntary defecation
and urination
convulsions
, paralysis of the respiratory muscles
mental impairment
death
What are the two types of nerve agents? - ANS-- G-series
- V-series
What is Blister agent also known as? - ANS-Vesicants,
-burn the skin resulting in severe inflammation, blistering and general destruction of skin
tissues
Secondary bacterial infection of wounds and respiratory complications are the primary
cause of blister agent fatalities
What are blister agent exposure symptoms? - ANS-Burn the skin,
severe inflammation,
blistering,
destruction of skin tissues
intolerance of lights
runny nose,
sore throat
vomiting,
bloody diarrhea,
exhaustion
What are blood agents? - ANS-Enter the body through inhalation, interfering with the
normal transfer of oxygen from the red blood cells into the individual cells of the body
- results in cellular suffocation or anoxia
What are choking agents? - ANS-Vapors or gases that irritate and burn the entire
respiratory system when inhaled.
What are the two categories of incapacitating agents? - ANS-Psychochemical
incapacitating agents temporarily interfere
Physiochemical incapacitating agents
What are the phases for chemical agent treatment? - ANS--pretreatment (before
exposure)
