NURS 216 EXAM #1
________ follows _______. - ANS-WATER follows SALT!
A genetic condition resulting in non-functioning B-cells would cause what type of
problem with the immune response? - ANS-A reduced ability to produce antibodies
A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing hyponatremia, decreased urine
output, and edema. The nurse anticipates which diagnosis for this patient? -
ANS-Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
A patient experiencing a severe anxiety attack with an excessive respiratory rate
(tachypnea) is at risk for which acid-base imbalance? - ANS-Respiratory alkalosis
Acute inflammation is a product of what? - ANS-Exudate
At the primary (congenital) stage of immunodeficiency, what is are the defects? -
ANS-Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- B Cell abnormality
& Defective congential or inherited (genes) are rare and include:
- X linked agammaglobulinemia
- DiGeorge Syndrome
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID)
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis? - ANS-Increase in Production of Metabolic Acids
Increase in loss of HCO3
increase in Chloride
decrease in acid secretion by kidneys
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis? - ANS-Increase in HCO3
decrease in H+ ions
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis? - ANS-Respiratory depression
lung disease
Airway obstruction, abnormal chest wall motion/ respiratory muscles
Breathing air w/ high CO2 levels
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? - ANS-Excessive Ventilation (Hyperventilation)
, Define Immunodeficiency - ANS-Abnormality in 1 or more branches of the immune
system.
Define what Helper-T Cells and Cytotoxic-T Cells do? - ANS-Helper-T Cells: provide
signals that activate antigen-bound B cells and help phagocytic cells destroy ingested
pathogens
Cytotoxic- T Cells: kill or lyse intracellular microbes
Function of K+ in body? - ANS-Regulates electrical membrane potentials controlling
excitability of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, muscle tissue.
How can AIDS be characterized? - ANS-- Profound immunosuppression
- Opportunistic infections
- Malignancies
- Wasting
- CNS degradation
How do the hormones Histamine and Nitric Oxide contribute to the vascular stage of the
inflammatory response? - ANS-Increased permeability in microvasculature = Decrease
in plasma proteins & osmotic pressure
How does Secondary Immunodeficiency occur? - ANS-- Selective loss of Igs through
GI/GU tracts
- Chronic or recurrent infections
- Neoplasia
- Iatrogenic Causes
- Stress and aging
- Drug abuse and maternal alcoholism
How is HIV passed on? - ANS-transmission: bodily fluids coming into contact with
breaks in skin or mucosa.
ONLY occurs through blood, body fluids, or perinatal exposure
How will the body compensate in a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis? -
ANS-Increase rate and depth of breathing
Local Manifestations of inflammation? - ANS-range from mild edema and erythema to
abscess formation or ulceration
________ follows _______. - ANS-WATER follows SALT!
A genetic condition resulting in non-functioning B-cells would cause what type of
problem with the immune response? - ANS-A reduced ability to produce antibodies
A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing hyponatremia, decreased urine
output, and edema. The nurse anticipates which diagnosis for this patient? -
ANS-Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
A patient experiencing a severe anxiety attack with an excessive respiratory rate
(tachypnea) is at risk for which acid-base imbalance? - ANS-Respiratory alkalosis
Acute inflammation is a product of what? - ANS-Exudate
At the primary (congenital) stage of immunodeficiency, what is are the defects? -
ANS-Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
- B Cell abnormality
& Defective congential or inherited (genes) are rare and include:
- X linked agammaglobulinemia
- DiGeorge Syndrome
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID)
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis? - ANS-Increase in Production of Metabolic Acids
Increase in loss of HCO3
increase in Chloride
decrease in acid secretion by kidneys
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis? - ANS-Increase in HCO3
decrease in H+ ions
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis? - ANS-Respiratory depression
lung disease
Airway obstruction, abnormal chest wall motion/ respiratory muscles
Breathing air w/ high CO2 levels
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? - ANS-Excessive Ventilation (Hyperventilation)
, Define Immunodeficiency - ANS-Abnormality in 1 or more branches of the immune
system.
Define what Helper-T Cells and Cytotoxic-T Cells do? - ANS-Helper-T Cells: provide
signals that activate antigen-bound B cells and help phagocytic cells destroy ingested
pathogens
Cytotoxic- T Cells: kill or lyse intracellular microbes
Function of K+ in body? - ANS-Regulates electrical membrane potentials controlling
excitability of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, muscle tissue.
How can AIDS be characterized? - ANS-- Profound immunosuppression
- Opportunistic infections
- Malignancies
- Wasting
- CNS degradation
How do the hormones Histamine and Nitric Oxide contribute to the vascular stage of the
inflammatory response? - ANS-Increased permeability in microvasculature = Decrease
in plasma proteins & osmotic pressure
How does Secondary Immunodeficiency occur? - ANS-- Selective loss of Igs through
GI/GU tracts
- Chronic or recurrent infections
- Neoplasia
- Iatrogenic Causes
- Stress and aging
- Drug abuse and maternal alcoholism
How is HIV passed on? - ANS-transmission: bodily fluids coming into contact with
breaks in skin or mucosa.
ONLY occurs through blood, body fluids, or perinatal exposure
How will the body compensate in a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis? -
ANS-Increase rate and depth of breathing
Local Manifestations of inflammation? - ANS-range from mild edema and erythema to
abscess formation or ulceration
