PHARM exam 2 sherpath and EAQ Study Questions and Answers Graded A

What are statins used for? - to reduce LDL cholesterol decrease risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) what is the pharmacodynamic of statins? - they inhibit enzyme HMG-CoA reductase and help the body reabsorb built up cholesterol on artery walls what is the role of enzyme HGM-CoA reductase? - it controls the cholesterol production in the liver which statin can be given to patients for reducing the risk of cardiovascular events with normal LDL levels? - rosuvastatin (Crestor) who are statins prescribed to? - patients over 40 with LDL greater than 100mg/dL who have survived MI and have had an ischemic stroke How long until patients see a therapeutic effect when taking statins? - 4-6 weeks with reduction of LDL seen in 2 weeks how long are statins taken? - lifelong commitment How are statins taken - orally What is the bioavailability of statins? - 30-90% after undergoing first pass in the lover where is the majority of statins removed - liver where are statins secreted? - quickly metabolized in the liver and largely excreted in the bile which statins are metabolized by CYP3A4 - atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin what statin causes abnormally high drug levels in patients of the asian descent? - rosuvastatin 2 most popular statins - atorvastatin (onset= 0.5 hr) simvastatin (onset= 3 days) What enzyme is inhibited by the use of statin drugs? - HMG CoA adverse effects of statins - myopathy (muscle pain) myalgia rashes rhabdomyolysis (muscle protein breakdown) which can lead to renal failure and death common side effects of statins - constipation peptic ulcers (dyspepsia) What testing should be done during the use of statins - blood levels to see the liver enzyme levels are normal range what increases the chances of getting rhabdomyolysis? - taking statin in combination with cyclosporine, enthromycin contraindications of statins - allergy pregnancy liver disorders history of alcohol abuse daily use of statins increase the risk of what - cataracts when should statins be given - in the evening dietary recommendations for statin use - low cholesterol and sat fats The nurse is collecting a medication list upon admission. Which medical history would the nurse expect to see in the patient's history if the patient is taking a statin drug? - hypertension myocardial infarction smoking history