North Seattle EMT Entrance Exam Practice Test - Complete Solutions (Answered)

North Seattle EMT Entrance Exam Practice Test - Complete Solutions (Answered) What would be an example of sympathetic stimulation? An increase in heart rate The time when the heart contracts and pumps blood is referred to as Systole What is the definition of a pulse? The expansion and recoil of an artery as blood flows through it Which artery is compressed during a standard blood pressure check? The brachial artery The subclavian arteries carry blood to the arms. What is the name of a vessel that carries blood away from the heart? Artery What happens in the capillaries? The exchange of gases between blood and body cells Blood that is low in oxygen first arrives in which chamber of the heart? Right atrium How does the human body produce most of its carbon dioxide? As a byproduct of the cell's energy production What is the definition of external respiration? The exchange of gases between blood cells in the alveoli Which of the following correctly explains the ways in which the right and left lung differ? The left lung has 2 lobes to make room for the heart, and the right lung has 3 lobes What is the purpose of Cricoid Pressure? To decrease the amount of air entering the stomach during artificial ventilation Where is the Oropharynx Located? In the middle part of the throat What is the purpose of a turbinate? To warm and filter air as it passes to the lungs What normally causes skeletal muscles to contract? When an electrical impulse from the brain stimulates a nerve What is the strongest, heaviest, and longest bone in the human body? Femur Why is the spinal cord most at risk of damage in the cervical and thoracic areas? The spinal cord is close to the vertebrae walls Which section of the spine has 7 vertebrae? Cervical Which of the following describes the location of the sphenoid bone In the central floor of the cranium Which of the following correctly describes one purpose of a bone It produces red blood cells A thoracic vertebra is an example of which bone type Irregular The left upper quadrant contains the stomach, spleen, and pancreas Which of the following would be an example of homeostasis Shivering to stay warm "The study of the normal functions of the human body" is the definition of Physiology What is the definition of pathophysiology? The study of disease and injury processes which cause change in the human body. To function at its best, a healthy cell requires oxygen and glucose When somebody experiences prolonged ischemia his body cells become injured and ultimately die A cerebrovascular accident is more commonly referred to as a(n) Stroke Perfusion depends on cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and oxygen transportation Why is it important that the tunica media is made of smooth muscle? It allows a blood vessel to constrict and dilate Sitting on a long car ride would most likely cause what reaction in the circulatory system? A decrease in the amount of blood returning to the heart What is the major cause of peripheral vascular resistance? Blood leaving an artery and entering an arteriole What is the correct equation for blood pressure? Blood pressure = cardiac output X peripheral vascular resistance What is the definition of shock? An inadequate perfusion to an organ or body part What type of shock can occur when blood collects in the sac surrounding the heart? Obstructive shock Which of the following activities is most likely to increase the risk of disease? Being sexually promiscuous Which is an example of a "sign?" Swelling in the abdomen Pain, heat, redness, and swelling indicate inflammation. When an artery undergoes vasodilation or vasoconstriction, what is responsible for the change in size? Smooth muscle Most diseases begin with damage to the cells. What is the definition of cell metabolism? The chemical reactions within cells that enable them to live A member of your family has been vomiting and has had diarrhea for two days. She is treating it with rest and liquids. She does not want to go to the doctor. You should explain that she should go to the hospital to prevent shock caused by dehydration A friend of yours has been smoking since he was a teenager. He says that his dad smoked for 30 years and never got lung cancer. You should explain that he is still raising his risk for a number of diseases. Maximum life expectancy for humans is 120 years of age. A boy who is four years old is at which stage of human development? Preschooler A reaction to cold that you would NOT see in a newborn is Shivering At an emergency scene you are examining a baby of unknown age. You notice the baby is babbling, has small teeth eruptions and is making eye contact with you. You determine from these signs that the baby is six months of age. You are examining a four month old baby boy. His heart rate is 160 beats per minute, respiratory rate 50 breaths per minute and he is continually crying. You conclude that he is in need of emergency medical care A typical sign of motor development in an infant boy 10 months of age is pulling himself into a sitting position. You need to examine a two year old girl who is sitting on her mother's lap. The best way to begin the examination is to talk to her mother and then tell the toddler what you are going to do. You are examining a four year old boy who is very nervous during the examination. His breathing is 24 breaths per minute with a heart rate of 85. You conclude that he appears normal for his age. You are examining a four year old girl. The best way to approach this examination is to talk with the girl about her favorite activities and foods to distract her. The correct vital signs for a girl in the fifth grade are a systolic blood pressure of 120 mm Hg and a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute Physiological changes during adolescence include decreased heart rate, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased respiratory rate. The average age of menarche in the United States is 12.5 years. Which of these vital signs are normal for early adulthood? Heart rate of 70 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute and blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg. Physiological changes associated with middle adulthood affect the hormone levels You are testing the cognitive abilities of a 75 year old male. He is unable to tell you what city he grew up in and cannot remember your name. You determine that the man could have a medical problem which requires treatment When talking to an 88 year old female during an examination, you should speak with a normal speaking volume Which normal physiological change is associated with late adulthood? Decrease in temperature sensitivity You are examining a 16 year old female, and you need some information on her medical history. The best way to approach this situation is to ask her to provide you with her history in a friendly manner The first step of patient assessment is scene size-up. When performing a scene size-up, you should first take standard precautions You are called to the scene where there may be a liquid chemical spill. You should park at a safe distance and wait for a hazmat team to arrive. Kinematics is the science of analyzing mechanism of injury and predicting injury patterns You are assessing a patient who was in a motorcycle crash. What type of energy most likely contributed to his injuries? Kinetic Your 10 year old patient was hit in the chest with a bat during a baseball game. You suspect blunt trauma with injuries to the body surface and ribs Your patient was the driver in a head-on motor vehicle collision and was not wearing a seatbelt. He complains of chest and abdominal pain. You suspect a(n) ______ mechanism of injury. up and over After a rear-end motor vehicle collision, you should suspect neck, chest, abdomen, and long bone injuries Your patient was in a lateral motorcycle collision. You should suspect pelvic, lower-extremity, and crushing injuries Which of the following is the most common cause of death from trauma for children 5 to 9 years of age? Pedestrian injuries Cardiac disease, insulin-dependence, diabetes, and pregnancy are examples of which type of factor? Patient You arrive at a patient's home and are preparing to conduct your assessment. Your patient is pale and repeatedly complains that she is thirsty. You should suspect blood loss You need to perform a complex extrication at the scene of a motor-vehicle accident. Which of the following additional resources would you most likely call for assistance? Fire department Which part of patient assessment does evaluating a patient's airway, breathing, circulation, disability and appearance fall under? Primary survey Which of the following physical examinations is performed to discover medical conditions and/or injuries that were not previously identified? Secondary survey A general impression of a patient is based on appearance, breathing and which of the following factors? Circulation Which of the following is the most common cause of a blocked airway in an unresponsive patient? Tongue Your patient is not awake, but when you pinch the skin on the back of her hand, she responds by slightly moving her hand away from you. On the AVPU scale, you would document this patient as responding to painful stimuli. You find your patient sitting in the tripod position with nasal flaring, pursed lip breathing, and her skin is very pale. You suspect which of the following? Inadequate breathing Which artery should be felt when checking the pulse in an infant? Brachial Which of the following is a possible cause of flushed (red) skin? Alcohol abuse