NFDN 2007 Midterm Questions And Answers With Latest Updates

Neurotransmitters - chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. Cholinergic Receptor - a nerve receptor that is stimulated by acetylcholine Biogenic Amines (Bioamines) - consist of small molecules that contain an amine group: dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine. Most central to current reasons of psychiatric disorders Dopamine - excitatory transmitter lower levels = parkinson's - shakiness/trembling higher levels = schizophrenia - emotions/auditory hallucinations Norepinephrine - excitatory transmitter, play a major role in mood states decreased levels = depression higher levels = mania fight or flight respone Epinephrine - few neurons use it, mostly located in the pons and medulla Serotonin - Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply linked to depression. Oversupply linked to mania. Dysfunction of pathways = OCD Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) -CPMHN standard I - Provides competent professional care, through the development of a therapeutic relationship. Based on trust and mutual respect, recognizes the influence of culture, language, and ethnicity of the client. CPMHN Standard II - performs client assessments, collaborates with client and other members of health care team for a holistic approach. Documents and analyzes baseline data. CPMHN Standard III - utilizes evidence based interventions to provide safe and effective nursing care. Assists and educates clients to select choices that support positive changes in their life. CPMHN Standard IV - effectively manages rapidly changing situations, monitor client's safety, knows resources required to manage actual and potential crisis. CPMHN standard V - intervenes through the teaching-coaching function, determines clients learning needs through collaborative process, active in health promotion CPMHN standard VI - monitors and ensures the quality of health care practices, identifies workplace attitudes and beliefs that may affect the nurses' ability to perform duties in a safe manner. CPMHN standard VII - practices within organizational and work-role structure. Works in partnership with clients, families, and other stakeholders to facilitate a safe supportive environment for all individuals. Psychiatric Assessment purpose - establish rapport, perform health history, physical exam and mental status examinations. Understand the client's meaning of health-illness experience. Formulate a nursing diagnoses, goals, and interventions Mental Status examinations components - 1. General observations 2. mood 3. affect 4. speech characteristics 5. perception6. thought 7. sensorium 8. insight 9. judgment