NFDN 2007 FINAL Questions and Answers with complete solution

What is the concept of transaction stress - Answer-the relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised as exceeding the person's resources and endangering his or her well-being What is the physiologic response to stress - Answer-fight or flight - begins in CNS - sympathetic response - immune system function negatively affected What are some psychological stress-related symptoms - Answer-depression, anxiety, pain, sleep problems, autoimmune diseases, heart disease, weight problems, reproductive issues etc What is social support - Answer-resources provided to us by others Which of the following is a physiologic outcome to stress A. Emotions B. Intense emotions—disturbance in intellectual functioning C. Feeling challenged or threatened D. Sympathetic response - Answer-D What is coping - Answer-an individual's constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the individual's resources What is problem-focused coping? - Answer-attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor changes the relationship between the environment and person What is emotion-focused coping? - Answer-attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction changing person-environment relationship What is inner directed coping - Answer-reminding or telling self that what they are presently doing to relieve the stress is beneficial for them What is outer directed coping - Answer-when someone does something about what is stressing themex. dog barking go to neighbor and ask them to please quiet the dog What is self awareness - Answer-the ability to recognize their feelings and manage their anger ex. parents divorce, the child must learn that it is not their fault What is one very important skill necessary for coping - Answer-self awareness What are trauma and stressor-related disorders - Answer-diagnosis specify's exposure to a traumatic or extremely stressful event What is a traumatic stressor - Answer-any event(s) that may case or threaten death, serious injury, or sexual violence to an individual, a close family member, or a close friend If you suspect your client/patient is being abused by someone what would be the most appropriate approach - Answer-Straight forward asking outright i.e. are you being/ever threatened or abused by your husband? What is PTSD avoidance - Answer-Persistent *avoidance* of stimuli associated with the traumatic event (one or both): Goal is to avoid: distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings and external reminders such as people, places, and conversations What is acute stress disorder - Answer-PTSD symptoms that appear for a month or less What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Answer-delayed stress reaction in which an individual involuntarily re-experiences emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of past trauma What are the goals of care for PTSD (3) - Answer-- eliminate or moderate the stressor (if possible) - reduce untoward effects of the stress response - facilitate the maintenance or development of positive coping skills What are the factors of social network and support - Answer-size, functions, reciprocity, interconnectedness What is a crisis - Answer-acute and time limited stressful experience for which coping mechanisms fail ex. bereavement, grief or mourning What is a situational crisis - Answer-any event that overwhelms and individual's coping resources and upsets his or her equilibriumWhat is a developmental crisis - Answer-assumes that psychosocial development progresses in an orderly, easily identifiable process What are some interventions for a crisis - Answer-- early intervention!! - encourage self reliance!! - stabilization - facilitate understanding - focus on problem solving