Adult Nursing ABG Exam All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

What are arterial blood gases? - Answer--reflect oxygenation, gas exchange, and acid-base imbalance -PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood -SaO2 is the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin PaO2 ranges - Answer-normal is 80-100mmHg <80mmHg = hypoxemia <60 mmHg may be seen in COPD patients < 40 mmHg is life threatening SaO2 ranges - Answer-93-100% is normal -hypoxia is decreased oxygen at the tissue level pH - Answer-•Measures hydrogen ion (H+) concentration •pH is inversely proportional to the number of H+ ions •Normal: 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 - Answer-•Partial pressure of CO₂ in dissolved arterial blood -respiratory component •Regulated by lungs •Normal: 35-45 mmHg HCO3 - Answer--metabolic component •Measures serum bicarbonate •Regulated by the kidneys •Normal: 22-26 mEq/LCompensated vs uncompensated blood gases - Answer--abnormal pH= uncompensated -acidosis = less then 7.35 -alkalosis = more then 7.45 Respiratory opposite - Answer-◦HCO₃- will be normal (uncompensated) ◦Arrows for the pH and PCO₂ point in opposite directions. Metabolic equal - Answer-◦PCO₂ will be normal (uncompensated) ◦Arrows for pH and HCO₃ point in the same direction. ABG example - Answer-•: pH 7.29 • pCO₂ 50 • HCO₃ 26 uncompensated respiratory acidosis What are some buffer systems? - Answer--lungs -kidneys -ECF -ICF -Hemoglobin