ABG analysis and Respiratory Alkalosis test (Questions + Answers) Solved

Steps to ABG analysis *Step 1* - Answer-Analyze the pH <7.35 Acidosis >7.45 alkalosis label it. ABG analysis *Step 2* - Answer-Analyze the CO2 <35 is alkalotic >45 is acidic label it. ABG analysis *Step 3* - Answer-Analyze the HCO3 <22 acidotic >26 alkalotic label it ABG analysis *Step 4* - Answer-Match the CO2 or the HCO3 with the pH if the pH and CO2 are acidotic then the acid-base disturbance is caused by the respiratory system if the pH and CO2 is alkalotic then its caused by the renal (metabolic system) Label it.ABG analysis *Step 5* - Answer-Does the CO2 or HCO3 go the opposite way of the pH? if so, then there is a compensation in that system. ph 7.5 and CO2 7.25 and the HCO3 is 7.28 = compensated respiratory acidosis, compensated by the renal system. Respiratory alkalosis - Answer-carbonic acid deficit (blowing off too much CO2) Respiratory alkalosis causes: - Answer-Hyperventilation (excessive sobbing) Acute pain Hypoxemia Anxiety Alcohol withdrawal Stimulation of brainstem as in: Salicylate OD, meningitis, head injury, gram-negative sepsis Ventilator settings to high/fast High altitudes Respiratory alkalosis S/Sx - Answer-"feel" they cannot breathe Deep rapid respirations Neural function changes: Low Ca+ leads to - Numbness, tingling, neuromuscular excitability, positive Chvostek and trousseau signs Dysrhythmias the compensatory response to respiratory alkalosis is decreased renal excretion of - Answer-*metabolic acid* Decreased excretion of metabolic acid by kidneys (takes a while so may resolve before compensation takes place)Decreased PaCO2 Decreased HCO3 concentration (compensation) Increased or normal (rare) pH Metabolic Acidosis - Answer-A state of decreased pH due to excess of metabolic acids Metabolic Acidosis Characterized by - Answer-Increased extracellular H+ Decreased pH <7.35 Decreased HCO3 level <22 mEq/L Decreases normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid. (bicarbonate ions used up buffering excessive acid)