NUR 408 Exam 1 latest questions and answers all are correct graded A+

Nursing Research - the systematic, rigorous, critical investigation that aims to answer questions about nursing phenomena. Types of Research - quantitative and qualitative. Evidence-based practice - the collection, interpretation, and integration of valid research evidence, combined with clinical expertise and an understanding of patient and family values and preferences to inform clinical decision making. Quality Improvement - the systematic use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes as well as the use of improvement methods to design and test changes in practice, the aim of which is to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems. Qualitative Research - Seeks to understand the meaning of human experience such as grief, hope or loss Usually conducted in natural settings Seeks to DESCRIBE experiences Subjective approach Theory generating Data that is words or text rather than numeric to describe experiences Small number of subjects Quantitative Research - Seeks to test relationships or answer a question Explains cause-and-effect relationships Seeks to DESCRIBE phenomena Tests for intervention effectiveness Objectivity is important Theory testingNumeric data Critical readers... - actively looks for assumptions, key concepts and ideas, reasons, justifications, supporting examples, implications and consequences, and any other structural features of the written text, to interpret and assess it accurately and fairly. Critical Reading Steps - 1. Preliminary: familiarizing yourself with the content-skim the article 2. Comprehensive: understanding the researcher's purpose or intent 3. Analysis: understanding the terms and parts of the study 4. Synthesis: understanding the whole article and each step of the research process in a study-assess the study's validity Research Critique - the process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically evaluates a research report's content for scientific merit and application to practice. Evidence based practice steps - ASK, GATHER, ASSESS APPRAISE, ACT, EVALUATE Levels of Evidence - Level 1: systematic review or meta-analysis Level 2: a well-designed RCT Level 3: Controlled trial without randomization Level 4: Single nonexperimental study Level 5: Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies Level 6: single descriptive or qualitative study Level 7: Opinion of authorities or reports of expert committees (qualitative) Grading Strength of the Body of Evidence - • Quality: the extent to which a study's design, implementation, and analysis minimizes bias • Quantity: the number of studies that have evaluated the research question, including overall sample size across studies, as well as the strength of the findings from data analyses • Consistency: the degree to which other studies, with similar or different designs, investigating the same research question report similar findingsAbstract - short, comprehensive synopsis or summary of a study at the beginning of an article; focuses reader on the main points of a study Introduction - researcher presents a background picture of the area researched and its significance to practice Definition of Purpose - defined either at the end of the researcher's initial introduction or at the end of the literature review or conceptual framework section Types of Journal Articles - qualitative, quantitative, or mixed Systematic Review - summation and assessment of a group of research studies that test a similar research question. If statistical techniques are used to summarize and assess the studies, the systematic review is labeled meta-analysis. Meta-analysis - summary of a number of studies focused on a question/topic using a specific statistical methodology to synthesize the findings in order to draw conclusions about the area of focus Integrative Review - a focused review and synthesis of either research or theoretical literature on a particular area that follows specific steps of literature integration and synthesis without statistical analysis and can include both quantitative and qualitative articles. Meta-synthesis and meta-summary - synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies on a focused topic using specific qualitative methodology Clinical guidelines - are systematically developed statements or recommendations that serve as a guide for practitioners Two types of clinical guidelines - • Consensus or expert-based guidelines are developed by expert panels. • Evidence-based guidelines are those developed using research findings.Quality Improvement - HCP are responsible for continuously improving the quality and safety of health care for your patients and their families through systematic redesign of health care systems Institute of medicine - defined quality health care as care that is safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable 6 domains of QI - • Conducting an assessment • Setting specific goals for improvement • Identifying ideas for changing current practice • Deciding how improvements in care will be measured • Rapidly testing practice changes • Measuring improvements in care • Adopting the practice change as a new standard of care