Pharmacology for Nurses a Pathophysiological Approach Question And Answers

Pharmacology for Nurses a Pathophysiological Approach Question And Answers Estrogen is a generic term for what 3 different hormones? 1. Estradiol 2. Estrone 3. Estriol What kind of metabolic effects does estrogen have on non-reproductive tissues? 1. Maintain low blood cholesterol levels 2. Facilitates calcium uptake by bones to help maintain proper bone density Name a few responsibilities of the combination of estrogen and progesterone. 1. Promotion of breast development 2. Regulation of monthly changes of the uterine cycles 3. Uterine endometrium becomes vascular and thickens in preparation for receiving a fertilized egg What does high progesterone and estrogen levels in the final third uterine cycle do? - provides negative feedback to shut off GnRH, FSH, & LH secretion What happens when FSH & LH is not secreted? - Estrogen and progesterone levels fall, endometrium is shed, and menstrual bleeding begins Oral contraceptives are made up of... - Combination of estrogen and progestin or - Just progestin What is the most common estrogen used in oral contraceptives? Ethinyl estradiol What is the most common progestin used in oral contraceptives? Norethindrone Describe the drug administration of oral contraceptives (begin date, length of administration, etc.) - Begin on day 5 of the ovarian cycle - Continue taking the drug for 21 days - 7 days is a placebo What does the placebo contain and what is the purpose of having a placebo? - Purpose: to promote taking the pill on a daily basis - Some contain iron to replace iron lost from menstrual bleeding What happens if the daily does is missed? - Client takes 2 pills the following day it was missed - If more than 1 day is missed, client should also take other contraceptives How do estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives work? - provides negative feedback to the pituitary to shut down secretion of FSH and LH - No FSH and LH means no maturation of the ovarian follicle, thus preventing pregnancy - reduces likelihood of implantation be of the less favorable environment to receive an embryo - Agents are also used to prevent dysmenorrhea What are the 3 types of estrogen-progesterone formulations? 1. Monophasic 2. Biphasic 3. Triphasic Which is the most common estrogen-progesterone formulation? Why? - Monophasic - delivers a constant amount of estrogen & progestin throughout the menstrual cycle T/F: estrogen and progestin are delivered in constant amounts with biphasic formulations False Estrogen is constant but progestin is not - Progestin is increased toward the end of the menstrual cycle to nourish the uterine lining What is another word for progestin only oral contraceptives? Minipills How progestin only contraceptives work? Produces thick, vicious mucus at the entrance to the uterus that discourages penetration by the sperm - Also inhibits implantation of the sperm T/F: Minim ills are more effective that estrogen-progestin combinations? False: Less effective, failure rate of estrogen-progestin’s are 1-4% Why use progestin only oral contraceptives? Because some clients may be at risk side effects of estrogen What is Depo-Provera? - A long-term formulation - Deep IM injection called medroxyprogesterone acetate - Coverage for 3 months What is ortho-evra? -transdermal patch - contains ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin - changed every 7 days for the first 3 weeks then no patch week 4 Hormones from _____ and _______ provide for growth and maintenance of the female reproductive organs. Pituitary gland and gonads What organs are associated with the regulation of female re