APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech
Questions and Verified Answers |
Passed | A+
What is a hormone and how does it act?
🗸🗸: Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are
secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are
any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland?
🗸🗸: a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland?
🗸🗸: A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland?
, 2
🗸🗸: A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on
target cells
What is an exocrine gland?
🗸🗸: A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located?
🗸🗸: mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located?
🗸🗸: center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located?
🗸🗸: abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located?
🗸🗸: sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located?
, 3
🗸🗸: on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located?
🗸🗸: posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones?
🗸🗸: Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones
🗸🗸: -diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones.
🗸🗸: Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes
nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone
combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
, 4
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland?
🗸🗸: The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting
hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed.
Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning
as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from
it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion?
🗸🗸: Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones
🗸🗸: stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones
🗸🗸: ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer
of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and
stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
Questions and Verified Answers |
Passed | A+
What is a hormone and how does it act?
🗸🗸: Hormones are chemical messengers that are responsible for regulation. They are
secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on target tissues, which are
any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland?
🗸🗸: a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland?
🗸🗸: A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland?
, 2
🗸🗸: A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the bloodstream and act on
target cells
What is an exocrine gland?
🗸🗸: A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located?
🗸🗸: mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located?
🗸🗸: center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located?
🗸🗸: abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located?
🗸🗸: sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located?
, 3
🗸🗸: on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located?
🗸🗸: posterior to the stomach
What are the two steroid hormones?
🗸🗸: Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones
🗸🗸: -diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones.
🗸🗸: Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The endocrine gland secretes
nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell. Hormone
combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
, 4
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland?
🗸🗸: The anterior pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting
hormones for the body and connects to the posterior pituitary when fully formed.
Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the hypothalamus, functioning
as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving messages from
it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion?
🗸🗸: Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones
🗸🗸: stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones
🗸🗸: ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer
of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and
stimulate production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
