AP Computer Science Principles Final Exam Review Questions And Answers Rated A+

Overflow - error that results when the number of bits is not enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over" Round-off - error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14 Lossy - Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images Lossless - Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images Metadata - data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo Sequencing - code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe Selection - a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then Iteration - using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc. Reasonable time - polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size Not reasonable time - Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by oneHeuristic - using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest Undecidable - A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run forever Linear vs binary search - Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary -- binary search requires the list to be sorted in order APIs - Application Programming Interface, how you define libraries and call them Public key encryption - is any cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys which may be disseminated widely, and private keys which are known only to the owner. Domain names - an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the Internet. IP addresses - is an identifier assigned to each computer and other device (e.g., printer, router, mobile device, etc.) connected to a TCP/IP network[1] that is used to locate and identify the node in communications with other nodes on the network TCP/IP network - the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP because the original protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). Data compression - involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation Cloud services - is a type of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demandIntellectual property - Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.