AP Computer Science Principles - Networking + TCP/IP Terms/Definitions Questions And Answers With Verified Tests 100% Correct Answers

bandwidth - The maximum capacity of data transferred between two connections or the rate data travels from one point to another. data packet - A unit of data made into a single package that travels a given network path. DNS (Domain Name System) - A decentralized service that associates a domain name with its IP address. firewall - A section of a computing system or a network that blocks unauthorized access and still allows outward communication. It monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of predetermined rules. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Packet - Allows the source of a sent packet to be notified when the receiver is missing some of the pieces. IP (Internet Protocol) Suite - Provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received. IP address - A unique sequence of numbers separated into dotted quad that identifies each computer using Internet Protocol to communicate over a network. Intranet/Local Area Network (LAN) - Computers in proximity to each that communicate via a shared network; usually not publicly accessible to the greater internet. mainframe - Room-sized computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing, enterprise and resource planning, and transaction processing.NIU/NIC (Network Interface Unit/Connection/Card) - The point of interconnection between a computer and a private/public network. ping (Packet Internet Groper) - A networking utility program or a tool to test if a particular host is reachable; sends data packets to a server and if it receives data packets back, then there is a connection; used by network administrators to determine if a specific computer is online and accessible. Ping of Death - A Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by sending a malformed packet to a server. Some systems can crash, freeze, or reboot when they receive an improper packet. proxy server - A computer that acts as a gateway between a local network (e.g., all the computers at one company or in one building) and a larger-scale network such as the Internet. router - A device that forwards data packets between different networks, directing traffic on the Internet. switch - A device that switches direct and filter network traffic within a single network, switching transfers the packets from its source to its destination using its physical device (MAC) address. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Packet - Allows computer applications to exchange data within a network. One of the most basic forms of packaging information; provides for reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of information between applications communicating over an IP network. Numbered packets are sent and tracked while receiver sends a confirmation message back. Known for its reliability and guaranteed form of transmission. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) Ports - A direct connection between ports, numbered/assigned to specific services. TCP/IP - Used together to transfer data between two networks on the Internet - one establishes and maintains the connection while the other controls the information flow. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Packet - Used to send messages with a simple, connection-less transmission. Used where error checking is not necessary but speed is prioritized.URL/URI - The textual address of a World Wide Web page, or a web address; it is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and the means to retrieve it. web server - A computer system which uses HTTP to process requests. ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) - The agency that underwrote the development for the precursor of the Internet (the ARPANET), a government and military experiment in data and packet transfer. CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) - The organization that invented the World Wide Web in 1989. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - The standard network protocol used for the transfer of files between computers. HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) - The standard network protocol used for information systems; the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. IAB (Internet Architecture Board) - Charged by ISOC with engineering and technical developments (ex: Internet standards, security, networking protocol, RFC documents, namespace). IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) - Oversees/assigns IP addresses