NYSTCE Multi-Subject (Birth-2): English Language Arts Exam Questions & Answers(RATED A)

Phonological Awareness: 2-4 Years - ANSWER--Typically no phonological awareness skills until around age 2 -Earliest phonological awareness skills involve rhymes -Between 2-3: recognize rhymes -Between 3-4: begin to make rhymes themselves Phonological Awareness: 4-5 Years - ANSWER--Identify and count syllables in words -Recognize and create their own onset sounds, like/b/ for 'back' and 'book' -Segment onset sounds and blends, such as /c/ + /at/ is 'cat' -Hear, count, and identify individual sounds in speech, phonemes, as in the word 'back' has three phonemes - /b/a/k/. -All oral skills Phonological Awareness: 5-6 Years - ANSWER--Discriminate between words that rhyme and don't in a set. For example, in the set 'run, fun, and fat' the non-rhyming word is 'fat'. Isolate and identify beginning and ending sounds. In the word 'fat' a child this age could say the beginning sound is /f/ and end is /t/. -Identify an odd word in a set. In the set 'fat, cat, and cat' the different word is 'fat'. -Blend and segment words with 3-4 phonemes. The word 'hats' would be identified with four sounds - /h/a/t/s/. -Create a list of words that begin with the same sound, such as 'car, candle, cake, cookie, crash'. Phonological Awareness: 6-7 Years - ANSWER--Manipulate words with syllable substitutions and deletions -Add sounds (form compound words) -Delete and add/substitute single sounds from words Phonological Awareness Assessments - ANSWER--Rhyme awareness -Understanding speech is comprised of individual words -Segmenting words into chunks/syllables -Blending chunks/syllables into words -Identifying phonemes -Blending onsets and rimes into words Automaticity - ANSWER-Ability to recognize individual letters and words automatically Repeated Readings - ANSWER--Requiring students to read the same text multiple times; designed to improve fluency and automaticity -Aim for a particular level of improvement both in accuracy and speed Prosody - ANSWER-Pace and rhythm that is appropriate for a text Phrase Boundaries - ANSWER-Slashes added to text to help students chunk bits of text/improve prosody