BIOLOGY PLACEMENT TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024

BIOLOGY PLACEMENT TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024 What defines living organisms separate from non-living things? Living things are made up of basic units called cells, are based on a universal genetic code, obtain and use materials and energy, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time Discuss the scientific method and its use in acquiring knowledge. Involves observing and asking questions, making inferences and forming hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions What are atoms? The basic units of matter What are atoms made of? Made of protons, neutrons, and electrons How do we define and recognize one type of atom from another? By looking at the number of protons in the nucleus How are atoms held together into molecules? They attach to other atoms to make a covalent bond. If there are 4 attached atoms, it is a double bond. If there are 6 attached atoms, it is a triple bond Discuss the structure and function of the major types of large molecules found in living organisms. Van der Waals forces are a slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. They aren't as strong as ionic and covalent bonds, but they hold molecules together, especially the large ones What are special properties of water? Water is a polar molecule and it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds How do the properties of water benefit living organisms? Water is the best solvent on Earth. It is able to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules What are the two different types of cells found in living organisms? Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? Prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, where they separate the genetic information from the rest of the cell Organelles Many of the structures in cells; called "little organs" Cytoplasm The portion of the cell outside the nucleus Vacuoles Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Lysosomes Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They are also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness Cytoskeleton Helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement Microfilaments Threadlike structures made up of a protein called actin Microtubles A hollow structure made up of proteins known as tubulins Centrioles Located near the nucleus and help organize cell division. Not found in plant cells Ribosomes Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other material that are exported from the cell Golgi Apparatus Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other material from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell Cholorplasts Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis Mitochondria Convert the chemical energy stored into food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Two ways that cells exchange molecules with the environment Passive transport and active transport