COLLEGE BIOLOGY PLACEMENT TEST PRACTICE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024

COLLEGE BIOLOGY PLACEMENT TEST PRACTICE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% 2023/2024 Biology The study of life Cell Division Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells Sexual Reproduction Cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism Asexual Reproduction Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself Mitosis cell division that results in two identical daughter cells Cell Cycle pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell Chromosome Tightly wound strand of genetic material or DNA Genetics The scientific study of heredity Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring Gregor Mendel Father of genetics Phenotype An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Genotype An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. Recessive trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait Dominant observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Allele alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism Law of independent assortment The inheritance pattern of one trait will not affect the inheritance pattern of another Punnett Square diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross Sex-Linked Trait A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent. DNA a complex molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosomes Watson and Crick Developed the double helix model of DNA. Nucleotide Building blocks (monomer) of nucleic acid. Codon a sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents the code for one amino acid Amino Acids Building blocks of protein RNA A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages Cellular Respiration The process of using sugar and oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water Photosynthesis Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work Chloroplast An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs Mitochondria site of cellular respiration Scientific Theory Hypothesis that has been tested and supported by evidence Natural Selection A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. Adaptation A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce Centromere Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached Prophase Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm of the cell Atom Smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of an element. The three subatomic particles that makeup an atom are? Protons (positively charged) Neutrons (uncharged) Electrons (negatively charged) What is the circle around the nucleus of the atom? Electron shell, which represents the average location of electrons.