EXSS 181 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

EXSS 181 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers In a general psychological sense, motivation can be defined as A. the intensity of one's effort B. the direction of one's effort C. the direction and emotion associated with one's effort D. the direction and intensity of one's effort - answerD In terms of motivational approaches, the "trait-centered view" focused on ___________ whereas the "situation-centered view" takes primary focus on __________. The most widely accepted approach, though, is the __________ view, which incorporates the previous two approaches. A. the environment/situation, individual characteristics, mixed B. individual characteristics, the environment/situation, mixed C. individual characteristics, the environment/situation, interactional D. biological characteristics, life changes, interactional - answerC Attribution theory focuses on A. how individuals explain their personal attributes B. how groups explain their personality attributes C. how individuals explain their success and failure D. how individuals explain their personal biases - answerC According to Achievement Goal Theory, individuals can adopt certain outcome goal orientations. The orientation towards skill development or improvement is labeled as ______. A. task/mastery B. ego/outcome C. task/ego D. mastery/outcome - answerA For an athlete unlikely to socially compare well (i.e., lose) in an upcoming competition, which would be the WORST combination of goal orientations for their future motivation and self- perceptions following the contest? A. low task/mastery / low ego/outcome B. high task/mastery / low ego/outcome C. low task/mastery / high ego/outcome D. high task/mastery / high ego/outcome - answerC Your textbook refers to arousal as the A. direction of motivation at all times B. frequency of motivated behavior C. interaction of cognition and emotions D. intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment - answerD A low trait-anxious athlete (compared to a high trait-anxious athlete) would perceive competition as A. less threatening and less anxiety producing B. less threatening and more anxiety producing C. more threatening and more anxiety producing D. more threatening and less anxiety producing - answerA ________ concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts. A. trait anxiety B. cognitive state anxiety C. social physique anxiety D. somatic state anxiety E. debilitative anxiety - answerB Hanin's individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model suggests that A. individual performance is best for all when arousal is high B. each individual has a specific optimal bandwidth of arousal where performance is optimized C. individual performance is best for all when arousal is moderate D. none of the above - answerB