NFDN 2003 Altered fluid and electrolyte Exam Questions and Answers

NFDN 2003 Altered fluid and electrolyte Exam Questions and Answers potential risks of fluid imbalance - Correct Answer ️️ -electrolyte, acid base imbalance deficient fluid or excess fluid volume dehydration - Correct Answer ️️ -hypovolemia (fluid volume deficit) highest risk is elderly assess from sin turgor, mucous membranes signs of hypovolemia - Correct Answer ️️ -oliguria (low urine), concentrated urine, weak rapid pulse, dizziness, thirst, weight loss, decreased BP, decreases skin turgor, weakness, confusion, muscle cramps signs of hypervolemia - Correct Answer ️️ -weight gain, SOB, wheezing tachycardia, pitting deem, increases BP, cough, increases urinary output, distended neck veins, crackles in lungs s sodium - Correct Answer ️️ -135-145 meq/L hyponatremia - caused by excess sweating and increased water, GI suction, excess IV, diuretics hypernatremia - decreased water, excess saline/salt, profuse diarrhea, diabetes inspires, heatstroke, hyperventilation diagnostic tests - Correct Answer ️️ -plasma - sodium, potassium, chloride, Ca, Mg hematocrit BUN Osmolarity specific gravity ECG ABG acid base balance - Correct Answer ️️ -ph of blood is - 7.35 - 7.45 PaCO2 - Correct Answer ️️ -partial pressure of carbon dioxide normal is 35-45 mmHG less than = hyperventilation more = hypoventilation to retain it PaO2 - Correct Answer ️️ -partial pressure in arterial blood 80-100mmHg less than 60 leads to anaerobic metabolism = lactic acid production = metabolic acidosis bicarbonate - Correct Answer ️️ -22-26mmol/L excreted and maintained by kidneys principal buffer less = acidosis more = alkalosis respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer ️️ -results from retention of CO2 and decrease in pH problems breathing from CO2 build up causing respiratory depression signs - increased pulse, response, BP, mental cloudiness, fullness in head,ventrical arrhythmia treatment of respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer ️️ -improve vent