NBME 30| Questions and Answers, 100% Correct

NBME 30| Questions and Answers, 100% Correct difference b/w Kwashiorkor & Marasmus - kwashiorkor (edematous malnutrition): marasmus PLUS EDEMA - marasmus (WASTING SYNDROME): skin lesions, fatty liver, acute proteinenergy malnutrition with decreased arm circumference, weight per length or BMI deformation disruption in organ morphogenesis occurring AFTER embryonic period; extrinsic force limits normal organ development vascular changes in chronic HTN - hyaline arteriolosclerosis: protein deposition in vessel walls - hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (arteriolitis): concentric thickening of vessel wall w/ laminar appearance caused by proliferation of smooth muscle cells - commonly affects renal arterioles Nodular glomerulosclerosis assoc w/ diabetic nephropathy & amyloidosis supraoptic nucleus responsible for ADH secretion from pituitary & urine concentration anterior hypothalamic nucleus thermoregulation (cooling) arcuate hypothalamic nucleus appetite stimulation dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus regulation of feeding & circadian rhythm lateral hypothalamic nucleus promotes appetite (GHRELIN) posterior hypothalamic nucleus thermoregulating (heating) ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus satiety (LEPTIN) osteopetrosis excessive mineralization of bone & failure of osteoclastic resorption - mutation in macrophage colony stimulating factor achondroplasia human dwarfism - AD mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene porphyria cutanea tarda severe cutaneous photosensitivity with blistering & hyperpigmentation after exposure to sunlight - decreased activity of uroporphyringoen decarboxylase enzyme in the production of HEME CD8+ T lymphocytes responsible for CLEARING a virus - class I MHC receptors present a virus to CD8+ T cell on an APC - CD8+ T cell has a specific TCR for the virus; responds by secreting inflammatory mediators (to attract other cells) perforin/granzyme or interacting with Fas/FasL to trigger apoptosis Class II MHC