ABFM HYPERTENSION EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A 2024

ABFM HYPERTENSION EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A 2024 A 39-year-old male sees you for evaluation of high blood pressure. His past medical history is unremarkable. On examination he has a BMI of 32 kg/m2 and you note that he has a round face and a plethoric complexion. His blood pressure is 150/98 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 88 beats/min, and his respiratory rate is 16/min. Other notable findings include a prominent dorsal cervical fat pad and supraclavicular fat pads, as well as violaceous striae on his trunk. Laboratory findings are notable only for a fasting glucose level of 114 mg/dL.Which one of the following is the most likely cause of his hypertension? Addison's disease Cushing syndrome Hemochromatosis Pheochromocytoma Primary hyperaldosteronism - Correct Answer B This patient's clinical findings are consistent with Cushing syndrome, or hyperadrenocorticism. This is a clinical syndrome and metabolic disorder resulting from chronic excess of glucocorticoids. The most common cause is corticosteroid use, but adrenal neoplasms account for 20%-25% of cases. Findings include general weakness, osteoporosis, moon facies, facial plethora, ecchymoses, truncal obesity, violaceous striae of the abdomen, deposition of adipose tissue in the interscapular area ("buffalo hump"), and glucose intolerance. You diagnose stage 2 hypertension in a 54-year-old male. His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable and a physical examination is notable for mild AV nicking on funduscopic examination. A baseline EKG reveals evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.Which one of the following classes of antihypertensive agents has NOT been shown to produce a regression of left ventricular hypertrophy? ACE inhibitors β-Blockers Calcium channel blockers Direct vasodilators Thiazide diuretics - Correct Answer D In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, studies have shown a reduction in left ventricular mass in those treated with ACE inhibitors, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and β-blockers, with the most consistent reduction achieved with ACE inhibitors and the least with β-blockers. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy has not been demonstrated with direct vasodilators such as hydralazine and minoxidil.