ANSC 221 Purdue: Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers

ANSC 221 Purdue: Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers Who was Dr. William Beaumont? - answerHe tried to close a hole in the stomach of Alexio St. Martin. What did Dr. William Beaumont propose? - answerProposed in 1833 that the noises you hear from your stomach are stomach contractions and not spirit. Who is Lavoisier? - answerThe Father of Nutrition What did Lavoisier design? - answerDesigned a calorimeter which measured the heat produced by the body from work and consumption of varying amounts and types of foods Who was Dr. James Lind? - answerA British naval surgeon who determined that lemon juice (called limes) kept sailors healthy, preventing scurvy. Hence the British navalmen are called limeys. What did Babcock propose? - answerfeed dairy cattle feed from just one source, all corn plant or all wheat plant Who were the associates of Babcock that finished his feeding experiment? - answerHart, Humphrey, McCollum, and Steenbock What did Funk do? - answerNamed vitamins after "vital amines", thought newly discovered things were amines What was the earliest recorded nutritional experiment? - answerBook of Daniel in the Bible. Daniel was among the finest young men captured by the King of Babylon when the Babylonians over ran Israel, and was to serve in the King's court. He was to be fed from the King's table of fine foods and wine. Daniel objected and preferred his own choices, which included vegetables (pulses) and water. The chief steward was afraid for his head, but agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends received his own diet for 10 days and then were compared to the King's men. As they appeared fitter and healthier, they were allowed to continue with their own foods, not defiling themselves with those of the King. Define a sugar - answerA term usually denoting a mono or di saccharide. Technically sugars are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or their anhydrides. Define monosaccharide - answera simple sugar, composed of one sugar molecule Define disaccharide - answerTwo units of simple sugars combined. Example: sucrose is composed of glucose + fructose. Define polysaccharide - answerAny chain of sugar molecules composed of more than two simple sugars is usually called a polysaccharide, although technically there are trisaccharides as well as monosaccharides and disaccharides. Define starch - answerA polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltose (glucose + glucose) hooked together with alpha bonds. Quite digestible. Two forms are amylase and amylopectin. Define cellulose - answerA complex carbohydrate composed primarily of glucose molecules hooked together with beta bonds. Since the beta bond is unbreakable by any mammalian enzyme (mammals don't make cellulase), it is indigestible without microbial help. Define glycogen - answerA form of polysaccharide that is stored in animal cells for ready energy. It is made of all glucose, with considerable branching in its structure. It is only present in very limited quantities for a ready supply of stored energy. Define glucose - answerA simple sugar, monosaccharide, hexose. The most important sugar as blood sugar. Most polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose) are made up of repeating units of glucose Define ribose - answerA pentose (5 carbon simple sugar) that is in the structure of RNA and DNA. Its importance nutritionally is much less however, than that would indicate because we do not have to consume it; the body can manufacture what is needed. Define fructose - answerA monosaccharide (hexose). Part of sucrose (talbe sugar). Used in soft drinks as a sweetener in place of more expensive sucrose. Define galactose - answer Define maltose - answerA dissacharide composed of 2 units of glucose hooked together with alpha bonds. It forms the repeating unit of starch. Quite digestible. Define cellobiose - answer Define hemicellulose - answer Define lignin - answer Define amylase - answer Define amylopectin - answerA kind of starch (a polysaccharide) composed of sugar molecules with considerable branching (as contrasted with amylose which contains little branching). Define amylose - answer