Animal Nutrition (ANSC 221) Exam #1 Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

Animal Nutrition (ANSC 221) Exam #1 Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) Dr. William Beaumont - answerArmy doctor (Ft. Mackinac) who made observations in fistula in stomach of Alexio St. Martin; opportunity to learn about how stomach functions. Antione Lavoisier - answerFrench scientist credited as the Father of Nutrition. He put weight measures into chemistry, designed a calorimeter (measured heat produced by the body from work, from consumption of different types and amounts of foods), and said "Life is a chemical process". Beheaded in French revolution. Dr. Stephen Babcock - answerFirst semi-purified diets (single plant feeding experiment), all corn or wheat, used in economically important species. Corn fed animals were sleeker and more vigorous, had normal calves. Wheat fed calves died at birth or soon after. Either corn contained something wheat did not or wheat had something toxic. Resulted in discovery of vitamins and golden age of nutrition. Babcock Milkfat test. Alexio St. Martin - answerFrench trapper who was shot and whose stomach Dr. William Beaumont made observations with after he healed it but a fistula was left. Daniel (Bible) - answerFirst nutritional experiment. After captured, refused to eat King's food and wine. 10 day experiment of eating vegetables and water, and after 10 days, Daniel's men appeared fairer and fatter in flesh. Dr. James Lind - answerBritish naval doctor who wrote treatise on scurvy. Often credited as discovering effect of citrus on scurvy and credited w/initial discovery of vitamin C, but he failed to recognize the importance of his own observations. Funk - answercoined Vitamin, after "vital amines" What is the first recorded nutritional experiment? - answerBook of Daniel (Bible) What did Beaumont discover together with Alexio St. Martin? - answerObservations of stomach fistula. Discovered that stomach is not a grinder, no spirit in the body directing some of the foods to 'good' purposes, and disregarding the 'bad', digesting takes place by digestive juices secreted from the stomach, foods are digested at the same time but at different rates, stomach rumblings are just stomach contractions, and fat is digested slowly. Who was responsible for the health of the Limeys (British Navy)? Why are they called Limeys? - answerDr. James Lind, called Limeys because forced to suck on a lemon each day, and lemon they used was called a lime. What was the significance of the single plant feeding experiment? - answerHeifers fed corn did well, but ones fed wheat didn't do as well, some infertility with wheat and oats. Best to feed a mixture of feeds, discovery of vitamins Who named vitamins after vital amines? - answerFunk Who is credited with "Life is a chemical process", and is called the Father of Nutrition? - answerLavoisier What are the major differences and similarities in composition between animals and the plant materials that serve as their food? - answerAll rely on sun. Animals are mostly protein, most plants contain much lower levels of protein (soybean and other soil seeds are exceptions), Plants are composed mostly of carbohydrates (usually!) Animals only contain a trace of carbohydrate. Animals store their extra energy as fat, most plants do not. Oil seeds are an exception. Animals have a lot of mineral. Animals: Ca & P, Plants P & K) Plants and animal composition are different therefore balance diets by adding to the plant material animals eat to balance the diet. Sugar - answerAny monosaccharide or dissarachide, used by animals to store energy Monosaccharide - answera simple sugar, cannot be broken down Disaccharide - answercomposed of two monosaccharides hooked together glucose + fructose = - answersucrose (table sugar) - disaccharide glucose + galactose = - answerlactose (milk sugar) - disaccharide glucose + glucose w/ alpha bond = - answermaltose/starch - disaccharide glucose + glucose w/ beta bond = - answercellulose/cellobiose - disaccharide polysaccharide - answermany sugars (any CHO with more than 2 simple sugars hooked together) starch - answermade of repeating units of the disaccharide maltose cellulose - answerglucose connected w/beta bonds, not digestible by animals, only bacteria make cellulase, enzyme that can break down cellulose, cellulose is part of cell wall pf plants, only of value to ruminant animals because it takes bacteria to make cellulase to digest it (or bacteria of nonruminant herbivores like horse and rabbit)