9th Grade English Semester 2 Study Guide
simple sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with one independent clause and
no subordinate (dependent) clauses. It can have compound verbs and/or compound
nouns.
example: Percy and Otis dance and sing.
compound sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence that has two or more
independent clauses but no subordinate clauses. It has conjunctions like and or but.
example: Our team tried hard, but we lost the game.
complex sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with one independent clause and
at least one subordinate clause that can appear at the beginning, or in the middle, or at
the end of a complex sentence.
example: It makes no sense to study Advanced Pure Math if the student will not use the
math at a later date.
Although it is Friday, you should still do your homework
Many people who enjoy sports subscribe to the magazine
compound-complex sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with two or more
independent clause and at least one subordinate clause
example: I was sitting in the back of the hall, so I did not hear what Dan said about
today's meeting.
independent clause - CORRECT ANSWER-presents a complete thought and can stand
alone as a sentence
dependent clause - CORRECT ANSWER-has a word (subordinate conjunction) at the
beginning of the clause that causes it to not be a complete sentence; it needs to be
attached to an independent clause to be a complete sentence
Parallel structure - CORRECT ANSWER-using the same construction for sentence
elements that are in function
not example: Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps.
example:Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps.
, semicolon rules - CORRECT ANSWER-1) It links two independent clauses that are
closely related without using conjunctions. There are no conjunction, like and or but.
ex: I ordered a cheeseburger for lunch; life's too short for counting calories.
2) list items or series if any of the items have commas
ex: I like cows: they give us milk, which tastes good; they give us beef, which also
tastes good; and they give us leather, which is used for shoes and coats.
3) it can be used with special transition words (however, moreover, nevertheless,
furthermore, etc) that separate independent clauses.
ex: Reports of the damage caused by the hurricane were greatly exaggerated; indeed,
the storm was not a "hurricane" at all.
Apostrophe rules - CORRECT ANSWER-1) You use apostrophes when you want to
show that a word "owns" something (possessive). It's not used in words like mine, hers,
his, theirs
ex: Jack's truck, the cat's whiskers, the desk's legs
2) You can put an apostrophe s at the end of a name that ends with an s
ex: Ross's name or
Ross' name
3) You put the an apostrophe after the s to show possession of a plural noun. You put
an apostrophe s if the plural noun doesn't end in s.
ex: the parents' kids
the children's toys
4) You use apostrophes in contractions.
ex: can't, won't, couldn't, let's
Fragment - CORRECT ANSWER-They are incomplete sentences. Usually, they are
pieces of sentences that have become disconnected from the main clause.
example: Purdue offers many majors in engineering. Such as electrical, chemical, and
industrial engineering.
Run-on sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-An incorrect sentence where independent
clauses are together in one sentence without punctuation or conjunctions
simple sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with one independent clause and
no subordinate (dependent) clauses. It can have compound verbs and/or compound
nouns.
example: Percy and Otis dance and sing.
compound sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence that has two or more
independent clauses but no subordinate clauses. It has conjunctions like and or but.
example: Our team tried hard, but we lost the game.
complex sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with one independent clause and
at least one subordinate clause that can appear at the beginning, or in the middle, or at
the end of a complex sentence.
example: It makes no sense to study Advanced Pure Math if the student will not use the
math at a later date.
Although it is Friday, you should still do your homework
Many people who enjoy sports subscribe to the magazine
compound-complex sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-a sentence with two or more
independent clause and at least one subordinate clause
example: I was sitting in the back of the hall, so I did not hear what Dan said about
today's meeting.
independent clause - CORRECT ANSWER-presents a complete thought and can stand
alone as a sentence
dependent clause - CORRECT ANSWER-has a word (subordinate conjunction) at the
beginning of the clause that causes it to not be a complete sentence; it needs to be
attached to an independent clause to be a complete sentence
Parallel structure - CORRECT ANSWER-using the same construction for sentence
elements that are in function
not example: Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps.
example:Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps.
, semicolon rules - CORRECT ANSWER-1) It links two independent clauses that are
closely related without using conjunctions. There are no conjunction, like and or but.
ex: I ordered a cheeseburger for lunch; life's too short for counting calories.
2) list items or series if any of the items have commas
ex: I like cows: they give us milk, which tastes good; they give us beef, which also
tastes good; and they give us leather, which is used for shoes and coats.
3) it can be used with special transition words (however, moreover, nevertheless,
furthermore, etc) that separate independent clauses.
ex: Reports of the damage caused by the hurricane were greatly exaggerated; indeed,
the storm was not a "hurricane" at all.
Apostrophe rules - CORRECT ANSWER-1) You use apostrophes when you want to
show that a word "owns" something (possessive). It's not used in words like mine, hers,
his, theirs
ex: Jack's truck, the cat's whiskers, the desk's legs
2) You can put an apostrophe s at the end of a name that ends with an s
ex: Ross's name or
Ross' name
3) You put the an apostrophe after the s to show possession of a plural noun. You put
an apostrophe s if the plural noun doesn't end in s.
ex: the parents' kids
the children's toys
4) You use apostrophes in contractions.
ex: can't, won't, couldn't, let's
Fragment - CORRECT ANSWER-They are incomplete sentences. Usually, they are
pieces of sentences that have become disconnected from the main clause.
example: Purdue offers many majors in engineering. Such as electrical, chemical, and
industrial engineering.
Run-on sentence - CORRECT ANSWER-An incorrect sentence where independent
clauses are together in one sentence without punctuation or conjunctions
