Superior/inferior vena cava ³ right atrium ³ right AV valve (tricuspid valve) ³ right
ventricle ³ pulmonary valve ³ pulmonary artery ³ lungs ³ left atrium ³ left valve
(bicuspid valve) ³ left ventricle ³ aortic valve (semilunar valve) ³ aorta ³ rest of body
*deoxygenated blood
*oxygenated blood
Cardiac Output Calculation
• Cardiac output (L/min) = stroke volume (L/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)
Ventricular Diastole vs. Systole
Ventricular diastole "Lub sound" Ventricular systole "Dub sound"
(relaxation) (contraction)
AV valves open All valves All valves closed Aortic & pulmonic
Pulmonary & aortic closed Pulmonary & aortic valve valves closed
valves closed open
Heartbeat Depolarization Process
To atria and depolarization from MMF to entire
ventricle
They contract . slow down vent contract
SA node ³³³³³³³ AV node ³³³³³³³ modified muscle fibers
(peacemaker)
--------------------------------action potential generation-------------------------->
EKG
SA activated, atria contract ³ AV node activated ³ Ventricle contract ³ Ventricle relax
Vagus Nerve