EARTH SCIENCE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+.

EARTH SCIENCE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024/2025 GRADED A+. 1. seismic waves: Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. 2. crust: the outer layer of the Earth 3. mantle: the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core 4. lithosphe re: the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle 5. asthenosphere: the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats 6. basalt: a rock that makes up much of the ocean floor 7. granite: a usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust 8. outer core: a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth 9. inner core: a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth 10. radiation: the transfer of energy through space 11. conduction: the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching 12. convection: the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid 13. density: the amount of matter in a given space 14. convection current: the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temper - ature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another 15. continental drift: the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations 16. Panga ea: large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together 17. fossil: the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil 18. mid-ocean ridge: An underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed 19. sonar: a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves 20. sea-floor spreading: the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor 21. deep -ocean trench: a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle 22. subduction: the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep -ocean trench and back into