PSY 121-Exam 1-Missouri State University-SP18 Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Psychology - The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Four Goals of Psychology - Description, Explanation, Prediction, and Control Wilhelm Wundt - "Father of Psychology"; introspection-1879 Edward Titchener - Wundt's student; brought structuralism to America Margaret Washburn - First woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology William James - founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment Minorities in Psychology - many of psychology's early pioneers were minorities such as African Americans who, despite prejudice and racism, made important contributions to the study of human and animal behavior Functionalism Influenced the Modern Fields of _________ - educational, evolutionary, industrial, and organizational psychology Wertheimer - Started Gestalt. Studied sensation and perception Freud - proposed that the unconscious mind controls much of our conscious behavior in his theory of psychoanalysis Watson - proposed a science of behavior called behaviorism, focused only on the study of observable stimuli and responsesWatson and Raynor - demonstrated that a phobia could be learned by conditioning a baby to be afraid of a white rat-Little Albert Mary Cover Jones - one of Watson's more famous students in behaviorism and child development, later demonstrated that a learned phobia could be counter-conditioned Modern Freudians - Anna Freud, Jung, and Adler changed the emphasis in Freud's original theory into a kind of neo-Freudianism Skinner - Operant conditioning Maslow and Rogers - The humanistic perspective and therapy approach. Cognitive Psychology - study of learning, memory, language, and problem solving, and includes the field of cognitive neuroscience Biopsychology - study of biological bases of behavior, such as hormones, heredity, chemicals in the nervous system, structural defects in the brain, and the effects of physical diseases Principles of Evolution - used in perspective to see how mind works as it does; behavior seen as adaptive or survival value Psychologists - academic degrees; counseling, teaching, and research, may specialize in any areas of psychology Psychology Specialization - clinical, counseling, developmental, social, and personality Psychiatrists - medical doctors who provide diagnosis and therapy for persons with mental disordersPsychiatric Social Worker - social workers with special training in the influences of the environment on mental illness Scientific Method - determine facts and control possibilities of error and bias when observing behavior; question, hypothesis, test, conclusions, report results Naturalistic Observation - watching behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation; disadvantage-lack of control