Sherpath: Childhood Disorders and Developmental Disorders Exam Questions and Answers

Sherpath: Childhood Disorders and Developmental Disorders Exam Questions and Answers Which assessments can the nurse use to evaluate the intellectual skills of a school-aged child? Select all that apply. Play catch with the child. Give the child a puzzle to solve. Provide a scenario and have the child explain cause/effect relationships. Present a story and then have the child determine the correct order of events. Ask the child to articulate his or her feelings; listen for tone, volume, and fluency. 2, 3, 4 Play catch with the child. Playing catch would evaluate the sensory and motor development of the child, not intellectual skills. Give the child a puzzle to solve. Use puzzles to determine the child's ability to solve problems and evaluate intellectual skills. Provide a scenario and have the child explain cause/effect relationships. Explaining cause/effect relationships allows for the evaluation of intellectual skills. The level of ability to solve problems can help determine the mental age of the child. Present a story and then have the child determine the correct order of events. Ordering events can allow the child to demonstrate understanding of sequence, and the nurse can evaluate intellectual skills. Ask the child to articulate his or her feelings; listen for tone, volume, and fluency. Asking the child to articulate feelings would allow for the evaluation of speech, not intellectual skills. Which considerations are necessary when assessing a child for childhood disorders? Select all that apply. Inconsistent responses are expected. Child's first response is most accurate. Children typically provide predictable answers. Assessments must be repeated to determine a child's baseline developmental level. A wide range of cognitive ability should be expected as a result of variations in brain development. 1, 4, 5 Inconsistent responses are expected. A child's responses may be inconsistent upon repetitive assessment. Children may not fully understand a question or may say what they think the interviewer would like to hear. Child's first response is most accurate. A child's response may be unpredictable; the first response may not be the most accurate response. Children typically provide predictable answers. Children may provide answers that are quite unpredictable. Asking the question in another way may help the nurse obtain a more realistic understanding of the child's answer. Assessments must be repeated to determine a child's baseline developmental level. Repetitive assessment can help the nurse determine what is "normal" for each child. A wide range of cognitive ability should be expected as a result of variations in brain development. Children have a wide range of cognitive abilities and developmental levels; each child is unique. The nurse is observing an 8-year-old child in the pediatric unit. The nurse notes that the child has been diagnosed with dyspraxia. Which findings would the nurse expect to observe in this patient? Difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules. The child is unable to focus on one task for more than a few minutes at a time. The child experiences difficulty when trying to share thoughts and feelings. The child has a hard time holding a pencil to draw and bumps into the walls when walking around the unit. 4 Difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules. This is may be a normal finding. Not all 8-year-olds can swallow tablets or capsules. This is not a sign of dyspraxia. The child is unable to focus on one task for more than a few minutes at a time. These findings are consistent with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), not dyspraxia. The child experiences difficulty when trying to share thoughts and feelings. These findings are consistent with an expressive language disorder, not dyspraxia. The child has a hard time holding a pencil to draw and bumps into the walls when walking around the unit. These are signs of dyspraxia (motor disorder), which includes difficulty walking, poor handwriting, and impairment in coordination. The nurse is providing community education about definitions of developmental disability. Which information should the nurse provide? Select all that apply. Mental age is significantly lower than chronologic age. Physical impairment results in requirement of lifelong care. Physical disability results in limited economic self-sufficiency. Mental disability renders the patient unable to care for himself or herself. Physical disability renders the patient unable to perform activities of daily living. 1, 2, 4, 5 Mental age is significantly lower than chronologic age. Developmental disability includes individuals with mental age that is significantly lower than chronologic age. A 10-year old patient who functions mentally at the level of a 5-year-old is considered to have a developmental disability. Physical impairment results in requirement of lifelong care. Impairment that requires lifelong services and support is part of the definition of a developmental disability. If a patient has a birth defect that prevents appropriate use of the hands, this may require lifelong care. Physical disability results in limited economic self-sufficiency. Limited economic self-sufficiency alone is not enough to qualify as a developmental disability. The individual must have three or more functional limitations (in self-care, receptive and expressive language, learning, mobility, self-direction, capacity for independent living, and/or economic self-sufficiency) to be classified as having a developmental disability. Mental disability renders the patient unable to care for himself or herself. Developmental disability includes individuals with severe and chronic mental disability. Patients who cannot care for themselves are included in this classification. Physical disability renders the patient unable to perform activities of daily living. Developmental disability includes individuals with severe and chronic physical disability. A 10-year old child who cannot perform self-care independently after sustaining a traumatic injury in a car accident would be classified as having a developmental disability. Which common co-morbidities or risk factors would a nurse expect to observe in a child with developmental disability? Select all that apply. Heart disease Intellectual disability Increased risk for infections Decreased adaptive functioning Increased risk for other childhood disorders 2, 5 Heart disease Heart disease is not a co-morbidity of developmental disability.