BYUI Bio 264 Exam 4 Review Questions with Answers

Glycolysis Carbohydrates broken down to glucose. Series of chemical reactions in the cytosol that results in the breakdown of glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules. First Step of Glycolysis ATP loses a phosphate and is added to glucose making Glucose-6 phosphate. 6 carbons and 1 phosphate. Second Step of Glycolysis Another ATP loses a phosphate and is added to Glucose-6 phosphate making fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphate. 6 carbons and 2 phosphates. Third Step of Glycolysis Fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphate is broken into two. DHAP: 1 phosphate and 3 carbons, and Glyceraldehyde-3 Phosphate: 3 carbons and 1 phosphate. Sixth Step of Glycolysis 2 ADP take a phosphate each from 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate making 4 ATP total and 2 pyruvate: 3 carbons. Fifth Step of Glycolysis Another phosphate is added to each and NAD+ gains an electron and becomes NADH creating 1, 3- Bisphosphoglycerate, so they both go phosphate-3 carbons-phosphate, Fourth Step of Glycolysis DHAP is changed to glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate. Pyruvate 3 carbon, 0 phospates Lactate Appears when there is not enough or no oxygen in the blood. Aerobic Has oxygen and allows pyruvate transport to the mitochondria. Glycolysis Molecule Yield 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate Pyruvate Oxidation Pyruvate molecules (2 produced from glycolysis) are oxidized and produces acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl CoA meets with oxaloacetate to make citrate and begins the cycle. Oxidized NAD+ and FAD. Empty, ready to pick up electrons.