PORTAGE LEARNING: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2: MODULE 3
PRACTICE SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the five special senses?
Vision
Smell
Taste
Hearing
Equilibrium (balance)
What is the somatic sense not from a specialized sense organ?
Touch (pressure, vibration, pain, heat)
What are the two parts of the outer layer of the eye?
Sclera (white of the eye)
Cornea (transparent part that light gets in)
What is included in the middle layer of the eye?
Choroid: prevents lights from dispensing throughout the eye, highly vascular, supplies blood to eye.
Ciliary body: Manipulates shape of lens to focus. Iris Anterior to ciliary body.
-Contains circular colored portion.
-Controls amount of light that gets to pupil. Iris uses muscle fibers to contract or dilate based on how
much light is in the environment.
Pupil: A hole in center of iris that contracts or dilates.
The pupil is a hole in the ____.
Center of Iris
The inner sensory layer is the _____.
Retina
What are the two types of photoreceptors and their functions?
Rods: Stimulated in dim light and sensitive to light, Does not generate sharp or color images.
Cones: Operate in bright light. Generate sharp color images.
The interior of the eye (posterior to the lens) is filled with_____.
Vitreous body (chamber filled with vitreous fluid to hold retina securely to the choroid)
True or False: The vision pathway begins as the optic tracts, crosses at the optic chiasm and then
moves through the optic nerve.
False
Light passes through eye in this order Cornea > Aqueous humor > Lens > vitreous humor > posterior
surface of eye on retina > optic nerve > optic chiasm (located at base of hypothalamus) medial fibers
of optic nerve cross over to opposite side at optic chiasm > optic tracts are formed > optic tracts
terminate in LGN in thalamus > optic radiations > occipital lobe = vision
, Where is the LGN located?
Thalamus
True or False: The nasal visual field is the visual field on the lateral sides of each eye.
False.
The peripheral vision field is on the lateral side of each eye.
Nasal visual field of each eye is closest to the nose.
What allows for 3-D vision?
Overlapping information in the nasal visual field.
True or false: Only the medial fibers cross at the optic chiasm.
True.
The left side of the brain receives information from the _________ of the left eye and the ________ of
the right eye.
Medial side, lateral side
On a piece of paper, draw the visual pathway using two different colors. Note one comment below
about what you learned about the vision pathway:
Visual field > optic nerve > cross at optic chiasm > optic tracts > LGN The medial rectus turns the eye
_____. The medial rectus is controlled by CN _____. Medially, CN III (oculomotor nerve)
Review all the extrinsic eye muscle locations.
CN III (oculomotor nerve):
Medial rectus - turns eye medially
Inferior rectus - medially & depresses it
Superior rectus - medially & elevates it
Inferior oblique - elevation, lateral movement, external rotation.
CN IV (trochlear nerve):
Superior oblique - depression, lateral movement, internal rotation.
CN VI (abducens nerve): Lateral rectus - turns eye laterally
What is a cataract?
Lenses that slowly become hardened and cloudy over time. Light is unable to enter lens clearly to be
refracted onto retina causing blurry vision
What does diplopia mean?
Double vision, damage to the abducens nerve causes this.
What is the purpose of the auricle?
External part of the ear you can see.
Funnels sound to external acoustic canal so we can hear it.
Composed of elastic cartilage with thin skin, rim, and not cartilage, lobule.
PRACTICE SET WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the five special senses?
Vision
Smell
Taste
Hearing
Equilibrium (balance)
What is the somatic sense not from a specialized sense organ?
Touch (pressure, vibration, pain, heat)
What are the two parts of the outer layer of the eye?
Sclera (white of the eye)
Cornea (transparent part that light gets in)
What is included in the middle layer of the eye?
Choroid: prevents lights from dispensing throughout the eye, highly vascular, supplies blood to eye.
Ciliary body: Manipulates shape of lens to focus. Iris Anterior to ciliary body.
-Contains circular colored portion.
-Controls amount of light that gets to pupil. Iris uses muscle fibers to contract or dilate based on how
much light is in the environment.
Pupil: A hole in center of iris that contracts or dilates.
The pupil is a hole in the ____.
Center of Iris
The inner sensory layer is the _____.
Retina
What are the two types of photoreceptors and their functions?
Rods: Stimulated in dim light and sensitive to light, Does not generate sharp or color images.
Cones: Operate in bright light. Generate sharp color images.
The interior of the eye (posterior to the lens) is filled with_____.
Vitreous body (chamber filled with vitreous fluid to hold retina securely to the choroid)
True or False: The vision pathway begins as the optic tracts, crosses at the optic chiasm and then
moves through the optic nerve.
False
Light passes through eye in this order Cornea > Aqueous humor > Lens > vitreous humor > posterior
surface of eye on retina > optic nerve > optic chiasm (located at base of hypothalamus) medial fibers
of optic nerve cross over to opposite side at optic chiasm > optic tracts are formed > optic tracts
terminate in LGN in thalamus > optic radiations > occipital lobe = vision
, Where is the LGN located?
Thalamus
True or False: The nasal visual field is the visual field on the lateral sides of each eye.
False.
The peripheral vision field is on the lateral side of each eye.
Nasal visual field of each eye is closest to the nose.
What allows for 3-D vision?
Overlapping information in the nasal visual field.
True or false: Only the medial fibers cross at the optic chiasm.
True.
The left side of the brain receives information from the _________ of the left eye and the ________ of
the right eye.
Medial side, lateral side
On a piece of paper, draw the visual pathway using two different colors. Note one comment below
about what you learned about the vision pathway:
Visual field > optic nerve > cross at optic chiasm > optic tracts > LGN The medial rectus turns the eye
_____. The medial rectus is controlled by CN _____. Medially, CN III (oculomotor nerve)
Review all the extrinsic eye muscle locations.
CN III (oculomotor nerve):
Medial rectus - turns eye medially
Inferior rectus - medially & depresses it
Superior rectus - medially & elevates it
Inferior oblique - elevation, lateral movement, external rotation.
CN IV (trochlear nerve):
Superior oblique - depression, lateral movement, internal rotation.
CN VI (abducens nerve): Lateral rectus - turns eye laterally
What is a cataract?
Lenses that slowly become hardened and cloudy over time. Light is unable to enter lens clearly to be
refracted onto retina causing blurry vision
What does diplopia mean?
Double vision, damage to the abducens nerve causes this.
What is the purpose of the auricle?
External part of the ear you can see.
Funnels sound to external acoustic canal so we can hear it.
Composed of elastic cartilage with thin skin, rim, and not cartilage, lobule.
