PORTAGE LEARNING A&P 1 MODULE 3 WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the two main groups of digestive system?
1. alimentary canal
2. accessory digestive organs
What is the alimentary canal?
Continuous muscular digestive tube that runs from the mouth to the anus
What are parts of the alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
teeth, tongue, gall bladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
The mouth is made of what structures?
Lips (opening)
tongue (floor)
cheeks (walls)
hard and soft palate (roof)
Uvula (posterior border)
What is the lingual frenulum?
Fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
What are the tongues attachment points?
hyoid bone
mandible
lingual frenulum
What is mastication?
mechanical process of breaking down food with teeth
what is amalyse?
Enzyme secreted by salivary glands that breaks down starches
How many teeth are in the human mouth?
32
What is the purpose of each tooth?
incisor = biting
canine = tearing
premolar = grinding
flat molar = crushing
, Three main parts of the teeth
Root - the largest portion of the teeth
Neck- portion contained in upper portion of gingiva
Crown- visible portion of tooth above gum line
What is Dentin?
bone like substance of the tooth
What is Enamel?
hard connective tissue which protects rest of the tooth
What is the purpose of the tongue?
grips food and constantly repositions between teeth as well as pushes bolus to pharynx
What types of papillae contain taste buds?
circumvallate, fungiform
Where are taste buds found?
tongue, surface of mouth, wall of pharynx
What is purpose of pharynx
throat connects the mouth to the esophagus
purpose of two skeletal muscles in pharynx?
circumferential (outer layer) longitudinal (inner layer)
contract alternatively causing peristalsis, squeezing food to esophagus
What is the purpose of esophagus?
transports food from the mouth to the stomach
What is name of sphincter that separates esophagus and stomach?
cardiac
Four layers of the alimentary canal
mucosa- secretes mucus to move bolus
submucosa- contains blood, lymph nodes, and nerve endings
muscularus externa- muscles that contract and move bolus through GI tract
serosa- makes serous fluid to keep GI tract lubricated
Layers of muscularus externa
Inner- circumferential
Outer- longitudinal
Oblique- only in stomach, helps intensify peristalsis for stomach digestion
What is the purpose of the stomach?
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
What are the two main groups of digestive system?
1. alimentary canal
2. accessory digestive organs
What is the alimentary canal?
Continuous muscular digestive tube that runs from the mouth to the anus
What are parts of the alimentary canal?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
teeth, tongue, gall bladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas
The mouth is made of what structures?
Lips (opening)
tongue (floor)
cheeks (walls)
hard and soft palate (roof)
Uvula (posterior border)
What is the lingual frenulum?
Fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth
What are the tongues attachment points?
hyoid bone
mandible
lingual frenulum
What is mastication?
mechanical process of breaking down food with teeth
what is amalyse?
Enzyme secreted by salivary glands that breaks down starches
How many teeth are in the human mouth?
32
What is the purpose of each tooth?
incisor = biting
canine = tearing
premolar = grinding
flat molar = crushing
, Three main parts of the teeth
Root - the largest portion of the teeth
Neck- portion contained in upper portion of gingiva
Crown- visible portion of tooth above gum line
What is Dentin?
bone like substance of the tooth
What is Enamel?
hard connective tissue which protects rest of the tooth
What is the purpose of the tongue?
grips food and constantly repositions between teeth as well as pushes bolus to pharynx
What types of papillae contain taste buds?
circumvallate, fungiform
Where are taste buds found?
tongue, surface of mouth, wall of pharynx
What is purpose of pharynx
throat connects the mouth to the esophagus
purpose of two skeletal muscles in pharynx?
circumferential (outer layer) longitudinal (inner layer)
contract alternatively causing peristalsis, squeezing food to esophagus
What is the purpose of esophagus?
transports food from the mouth to the stomach
What is name of sphincter that separates esophagus and stomach?
cardiac
Four layers of the alimentary canal
mucosa- secretes mucus to move bolus
submucosa- contains blood, lymph nodes, and nerve endings
muscularus externa- muscles that contract and move bolus through GI tract
serosa- makes serous fluid to keep GI tract lubricated
Layers of muscularus externa
Inner- circumferential
Outer- longitudinal
Oblique- only in stomach, helps intensify peristalsis for stomach digestion
What is the purpose of the stomach?
