NURS 223: Exam 3 (All possible questions with 100% correct answers)

The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which of these does the nurse explain to the client is the role of the thyroid gland? a) The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate. b) The thyroid gland promotes development of secondary sex characteristics. c) The thyroid gland releases neurotransmitters when the "flight or flight" mechanism is stimulated. d) The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating serum calcium levels. correct answers a) The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. These hormones increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; are necessary for fetal and infant growth and development. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium metabolism. The adrenal glands regulate flight or fight and the testes or ovaries regulate development of secondary sex characteristics. Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by the inhibiting or releasing actions of the: a) hypothalamus. b) cell receptors. c) thymus gland. d) adrenal gland. correct answers a) hypothalamus. The hypophysis (pituitary plus hypothalamus) and hypothalamus stimulatory hormones regulate the release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones. The adrenal gland and thymus gland hormones are regulated by the hypothalamus. Cell receptors are involved with the target cell response to the hormones. A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students' recognize the local action of hormones as: a) Autocrine b) Pancreatic c) Paracrine d) Hormonal correct answers c) Paracrine When hormones act locally on cells other than those that produced the hormone, the action is called paracrine. Hormones also can exert an autocrine action on the cells in which they were produced. Pancreatic and hormonal are not actions. When explaining factors that influence the number of receptors present on target cells, the instructor will likely mention: Select all that apply. a) A decreased hormone level may produce increased receptor numbers. b) The role antibodies may have on receptor proteins. c) A sustained excess hormone level brings about a decrease in receptor numbers. d) It may take days to weeks before a hormone can react to target cells.