NURS 223: Test 2 Cumulative Content || 100% correct.

Atrophy correct answers -Shrinkage in cell size (not cell number) -Entire organ can shrink -Physiologic vs. Pathologic --Physiologic can occur with development-thymus (sits over heart, active when you are young, shrivels up when get older) -Pathologic due to decrease in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation (or removal of hormonal stimulation), nervous system stimulation -Cells contain less endoplasmic reticulum (tissue and protein synthesis) and fewer mitochondria --Smaller and not doing as much as a normal cell would Hypertrophy correct answers -Increase in cell size (not number of cells) -Entire organ can increase in size --Heart and kidney particularly prone -Physiologic vs. pathologic --Physiologic: Increased muscle size; uterus in pregnancy --Pathologic: cardiac hypertrophy with HTN ---If heart has to pump harder to push out blood, those cells are going to be working harder -Increase in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plasma membrane Hyperplasia correct answers -Increase in number of cells -Can take place along with hypertrophy --Note that cells that do not divide, such as heart, hyperplasia does not occur -Physiologic vs. pathologic --Physiologic ---Compensatory _____________: Adaptive (i.e. liver-can remove 70% and will regenerate in 2 weeks); callus on skin Make sure they're strong enough to have procedure and healthy enough to donate ---Hormonal __________: estrogen-dependent organs (breasts, uterus) -Pathologic: endometrium due to imbalance of hormones --Can cause excessively heavy periods Dysplagia correct answers -Abnormal changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells -Not a true adaptive process; sometimes termed atypical hyperplasia -Cervix and respiratory tract-can lead to neoplasms (cancer)