Fluid & Electrolytes HURST Complete Exam Questions With Complete Solutions.

Fluid & Electrolytes HURST Complete Exam Questions With Complete Solutions.Fluid Volume Excess/Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER Too much fluid in the vascular space Causes of FVE: (3) - CORRECT ANSWER Heart Failure Renal Failure Sodium Heart Failure characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER Heart is weak; cardiac output decreases decreased kidney perfusion; urinary output decreases Volume stays in the vascular space Three things with a lot of sodium - CORRECT ANSWER Effervescent soluble medications (Alka-seltzer) Canned/processed foods IVF with sodium 3 Main Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume - CORRECT ANSWER Aldosterone Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Where is aldosterone found - CORRECT ANSWER adrenal glands Normal action of aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER blood volume gets low (vomiting, hemorrhage) } aldosterone secretion increases } retain Na & water } blood volume goes up Diseases with too much aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER Cushings Cons syndrome LIver Dz Heart Dz Disease with too little aldosterone - CORRECT ANSWER Addisons disease Characteristics of Addisons - CORRECT ANSWER less aldosterone decreased sodium/water FVD Where is ANP found? - CORRECT ANSWER Atria of the heart How does ANP work? - CORRECT ANSWER Opposite of aldosterone causes excretion of sodium and water Function of ADH - CORRECT ANSWER makes you retain water Two ADH Problems - CORRECT ANSWER SIADH DI Too much ADH causes (3) - CORRECT ANSWER water retention FVE SIADH (too many letters, too much water) SIADH characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER Urine output; decreases, concentrated blood is dilute urine specific gravity, Na, and Hmt decreases Treatment for SIADH - CORRECT ANSWER water restriction 3% Na Cl Not enough ADH causes (3) - CORRECT ANSWER Lose (water) diurese FVD DI (think diuresis/deficit) Diabetes Insipidus can be caused by what? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER trauma to the head or pituitary gland sinus sx increase ICP DI characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER urine output increases & dilute blood is concentrated urine specific gravity, Na, Hmc increases large amount of urine output can lead to what complication? - CORRECT ANSWER shock ADH is found in the ? - CORRECT ANSWER Pituitary Key words to think potential ADH problems (5) - CORRECT ANSWER craniotomy head injury, sinus surgery, transsphenoidal hypophysectomy any condition that leads to increased ICP