DAVITA EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024

What are the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis? - Answer-Ultrafiltration, Convection, Diffusion, and Osmosis Ultrafiltration - Answer-Fluid pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM) membrane Convection - Answer-Solutes dragged across SPM along with fluid Diffusion - Answer-Particles moves from area of high concentration to low Osmosis - Answer-Fluid moves from area of low to high concentration What are the kidneys' excretory functions? - Answer-To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions? - Answer-By normalizing electrolytes and providing fluid balance through ultrafiltration What is the function of the acid concentrate? - Answer-Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution? - Answer-Buffers the acid concentration What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood? - Answer-Normalizes body pH Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia - Answer-6.5 mEq Symptoms: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia - Answer-3.5 mEq Symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest Normal blood pH range - Answer-7.35-7.45 What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - Answer-Renin secretion, Erythropoietin secretion, Vitamin D activation How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? - Answer-provide medication How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis? - Answer-15%